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Biodiversity and Climate Change in Korea

WCC 20120907. Biodiversity and Climate Change in Korea. Hyesoon Kang Sungshin Women ' s University, Korea. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Species Response to Climate Change . Finding the Global Fingerprint of Climate Change . 적응 Parmesan 1 C. and G. Yohe 2 (2003)

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Biodiversity and Climate Change in Korea

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  1. WCC 20120907 Biodiversity and Climate Change in Korea Hyesoon Kang Sungshin Women's University, Korea

  2. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)

  3. Species Response to Climate Change

  4. Finding the Global Fingerprint of Climate Change 적응 Parmesan1 C. and G. Yohe2(2003) Causal attribution of recent biological trends to climate change is complicated because non-climatic influences dominate local and short-term biological changes. …. Global meta-analyses documented significant range shifts averaging 6.1 km per decade towards the poles (or meters per decade upward), as well as significant mean advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial 'sign-switching' responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found for 279 species (84%). This suite of analyses generates 'very high confidence' (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems. -> dispersal rate: 600 m/yr Lavergne et al. (2010) Plant’s dispersal rate: usu. 10 – 100 m/yr but: have to disperse 80 km for the next 35 yrs = 2.2 km/yr

  5. Adaptation Studies in Korea

  6. Major Causes of Biodiversity Declines in Korea Frequencies of factors assumed to have adversely affected 64 endangered species in Korea. 1. Habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss 2. Overexploitation 3. Ecological – Species invasion etc 4. Climate change

  7. Protected Areas in Korea • National Park • - Total area of 20 NP: 6.6% (inland3.8%) • ~80% of all conservation areas - Small size - Fragmented by roads - 60% of native species

  8. Landscape Status of Hallasan NP: Effect of Human Activity ▶ Clean man-made road/trails Visitors increased ▶ Number of visitors was increased : 1980- 2006, 88% increase (2010 1,140.000 persons/ optimal ~6,000 person/d) ▶ Land destructed around the trails: 1993- 2000, 16% increased ▶ Vegetation destroyed in the high altitude: 190,000 km2 ▶ Roe deer roadkill: 1993- 2004, 357 deaths on Mt. Halla

  9. Pattern of Roadsin Jirisan NP Outside the park Within the park • - No of Fragments: 491 • Area: 0.0001 - 13.23 km2(X = 0.96 km2)

  10. Pattern of Roads in Hallasan NP

  11. Park area and sum of patch areas by land use in the Hallasan National Park.

  12. Park area and patch area sums across 100 m elevational gradients at the Hallasan National Park. patch area sums at each elevation class were obtained after applying 112 m and 60 m buffer depths, respectively, to roads and legal trails.

  13. Habitats of Endemic Plant Species in Hallasan NP Abieskoreana, Alliumtaquetii, Thalictrumuchiyamai(> 1,000 m asl) B. Tofieldiafauriei(>1,500 m asl) C. Scabiosamansenensis (> 1,400 m asl)

  14. Restricted habitats Global warming Habitats of Subalpine Plant Species in Hallasan NP B. Diapensialapponicavar.obovata( > 1,800 m asl) A. Juniperuschinensis var. sargentii(1,000 – 1,500 m asl) C. Empetrumnigrumvar. japonium( > 1,700 m asl)

  15. Connectance between Soraksan NP and Odaesan NP - Corridor Formation for an Endangered Cat Species

  16. Interaction Networks Between 39 Patches Generated by a Gravity Model Gab = (Na x Nb)/Dab2 Interaction> 0.03 Interaction> 0.05 Interaction > 0.1 Interaction > 0.15 Area> 5 km2 Patch distance < 1.0 km 39 fragments

  17. Gaps in Protected Land - Endangerment Class I and II Species Endangered species class Ⅰ&Ⅱ ▶강화도: 매화마름의 주요 서식지 멸종위기 야생식물 I, II급의 전국 분포도 멸종위기 야생식물 I, II급의 전국 분포도 멸종위기 야생식물 I, II급의 전국 분포도 ▶강화도: 매화마름의 주요 서식지 ▶울릉도: 고유종 섬시호, 섬현삼, 섬개야광나무 분포 ▶울릉도: 고유종 섬시호, 섬현삼, 섬개야광나무 분포 ▶울릉도: 고유종 섬시호, 섬현삼, 섬개야광나무 분포 ▶울릉도: 고유종 섬시호, 섬현삼, 섬개야광나무 분포 ▶오대산과 주왕산국립공원 외부지역(GAP): 개병풍, 한계령풀, 연잎 꿩의다리 등 많은 위기종 서식 ▶오대산과 주왕산국립공원 외부지역(GAP): 개병풍, 한계령풀, 연잎 꿩의다리 등 많은 위기종 서식 ▶오대산과 주왕산국립공원 외부지역(GAP): 개병풍, 한계령풀, 연잎 꿩의다리 등 많은 위기종 서식 ▶오대산과 주왕산국립공원 외부지역(GAP): 개병풍, 한계령풀, 연잎꿩의다리 등 많은 위기종 서식 ▶ 전국의 산지, 강변을 따라 주로 분포 ▶연안 및 도서 지역에 집중 분포 ▶ 전국의 산지, 강변을 따라 주로 분포 ▶연안 및 도서 지역에 집중 분포 ▶ 전국의 산지, 강변을 따라 주로 분포 ▶연안 및 도서 지역에 집중 분포 ▶ 전국의 산지, 강변을 따라 주로 분포 ▶연안 및 도서 지역에 집중 분포

  18. Gaps in Protected Land - Endangerment Class I and II Species 제주도의 멸종위기 야생식물 분포도

  19. Exotoc species invation Non-protected Areas 필요이상의 잔디식재 Revelopment of arable land No greens Excessive grassland 조경수 위주의 식재 Low level of greens

  20. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Korea • Landscape management • 1. Protected Areas • 1) Networking • 2) Prioritizing site/species selection • 2. Non-Protected Areas • 1) Urban landscape • - greenways, walls, and roofs • - connectivity between greens • 2) Restoration of marginal/abandoned • farms/mines • Adaptive management • - a strategic response against climate change

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