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History of the AO

History of the AO. 1958 − 2008. Kevin Newman St Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK. 1944 The inspiration for AO. Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland (1918 −) met a former soldier who had received a femoral nailing by Gerhard Küntscher Kiel, Germany (1900−1972) military surgeon.

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History of the AO

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  1. History of the AO 1958−2008 Kevin Newman St Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK

  2. 1944 The inspiration for AO Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland (1918−) met a former soldier who had received a femoral nailing by Gerhard Küntscher Kiel, Germany (1900−1972) military surgeon

  3. 1950 The early years Maurice Müller resident of Liestal, Switzerland (1918−) was on a fellowship in Holland with Cornelis Pieter van Nes Leiden, Netherlands (1897−1972) who advised him to visit Robert Danis in Bruxelles

  4. 1950 Compression plating Robert Danis Bruxelles, Belgium (1880−1962) “Théorie et Pratique de l’Osteosynthèse” coapteur plate for rigid fixation Compression for “per primam” healing Absence of callus “soudure autogène”

  5. 1951 First results of ORIF Maurice Müller Fribourg, Switzerland • 75 patients • stable fixation • early mobilization • no complications

  6. 1952 Old army friendships Maurice Müller Robert Schneider

  7. 1954 Documenting trauma Lorenz Böhler Wien, Austria (1885−1973) 241,000 trauma x-rays Accident Hospital

  8. 1956 Five friends, eight more Müller Willenegger Allgöwer Guggenbühl Ott Patry Brussatis Baumann Hunziker Schneider Bandi Schär Stähli

  9. 1958 AO founded in Biel (Bienne) November 6, 1958, Hotel Elite Biel (Bienne), Switzerland

  10. 1958 AO Founders Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Walter Bandi Interlaken 1912−1997 Martin Allgöwer Chur 1917−2007 Maurice Müller Zürich 1918− Robert Schneider Grosshöchstetten 1912−1990 Hans Willenegger Liestal 1910−1998

  11. 1958 Hex-head screw Maurice Müller Zürich, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000)

  12. 1959 AO Principles Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Mathys • Documentation of all patients • Development of implants and instruments • Research of fracture healing and tissue cultures • Teaching of osteosynthesis techniques

  13. 1959 AO Laboratory Davos Martin Allgöwer Davos, Switzerland (1917−2007) AO Laboratory for Experimental Surgery Forschungsinstitut Obere Strasse

  14. 1959 AO Documentation Maurice Müller Davos, Switzerland (1918−)

  15. 1960 1st AO Course in Davos Participants: 56 7 2 3 1 Maurice Müller teaches femoral nailing in the AO Lab.

  16. 1960 AO in Davos

  17. 1960 AO Faculty in Davos Robert Schneider Walter Ott Walter Schär Walter Bandi Martin Allgöwer Fritz Brussatis Willy Hunziker August Guggenbühl René Patry Ernst Baumannn (Fischer) (Keller) Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Walter Stähli (Bloch)

  18. 1961 AO TK founded Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000)

  19. 1961 AO Round hole plate Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland

  20. 1961 AO Compression device Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland

  21. 1961 2nd AO Course in Davos John Charnley and Martin Allgöwer in the AO Davos Lab.

  22. 1963 AO Principles of ORIF Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider 1 Atraumatic surgical technique 2 Anatomical reduction of fracture 3 Stable internal fixation 4 Early active pain free mobilization

  23. 1963 AO Plating

  24. 1963 AO Instrument boxes Attendance at an official AO Course was mandatory for purchasing the six official AO Instrument boxes.

  25. 1963 Teaching nurses

  26. 1963 AO Tubular plates Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland 1/2 tubular 1/3 tubular 1/4 tubular

  27. 1963 Primary bone healing Fritz Straumann Hans Willenegger Liestal (1910−1998) Waldenburg (1921−1988) Robert Schenk Basel (1923−)

  28. 1965 AO Nailing Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland

  29. 1968 High-energy fractures Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland

  30. 1969 AO VET (veterinary) Dog treated with Kuntscher nail by H Knoll, J Jenny and owner H Willenegger

  31. 1969 Dynamic compression Martin Allgöwer Stephan Perren Max Russenberger Dynamic Compression Plate Narrow: DCP 3.5 Broad: DCP 4.5

  32. 1969 AO Manual Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger • Translated from German into English by by Joseph Schatzker

  33. 1970 AO and Lorenz Böhler Prof Willenegger presents Prof Böhler with AO book.

  34. 1972 AO International Hans Willenegger Liestal, Switzerland (1910−1998) 1st president of AOI

  35. 1974 1st AO CMF course Joachim Prein Basel, Switzerland

  36. 1978 Strain theory of healing Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Alexander Boitzy St Gallen, Switzerland

  37. 1981 Biomechanical stability Bernhard Georg Weber St Gallen, Switzerland (1927−2002) Minimax Fracture Fixation Minimal amount of metal Maximum stability

  38. 1983 Soft-tissue injury Harald Tscherne Hannover, Germany Tscherne classification of closed fractures

  39. 1984 AO Foundation Peter von Rechenberg Thomas Rüedi Fritz Straumann Robert Mathys Stephan Perren Peter Matter Notary Martin Allgöwer Maurice Müller Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger Hansjörg Wyss

  40. 1984 Four pillars of AO Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland 1st AO Foundation president Four pillars of cooperation: • Documentation • Teaching • Research • Instrumentation

  41. 1987 AO Classification Maurice Müller Peter Koch Serge Nazarian “A classification is useful only if it considers the severity of the bone lesion and serves as a basis for treatment and for evaluation of the results.”

  42. 1987 Indications for ORIF Marvin Tile Joseph Schatzker Toronto, Canada Toronto, Canada

  43. 1988 Periosteal blood supply (plates) Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Osteoporosis under plate is caused by bone necrosis and not by stress protection 43

  44. 1988 AO Plastic bones Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland “Synthes bones” = SYNBONE

  45. 1989 AO Founders reunited Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider Maurice Müller Peter von Rechenberg Martin Allgöwer Walter Bandi CEO 45

  46. 1989 AO Alumni Association 56 local chapters in 6 AO Regions in 2008 Europe North America Middle East Asia Pacific Latin America Africa

  47. 1989 Indirect reduction Jeff Mast Roland Jakob Reinhold Ganz

  48. 1990 “Bio-logical” fixation Alexander Boitzy Reinhold Ganz Bern, Switzerland Bern, Switzerland Soft-tissue injury determines the type of fracture fixation. Three stages of tissue damage: • Compromised (careful standard fixation possible) • Partial degloving (indirect reduction required) • Soft tissues destroyed (reconstruction essential)

  49. 1990 Endosteal blood supply (nails) Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland 49

  50. 1990 Small footprint LC-DCP Emanuel Gautier Chur, Switzerland Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland L Limited C Contact D Dynamic C Compression P Plate

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