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The Sun: Our Star

The Sun: Our Star. Hydrostatic Equilibrium. Structure of the Sun. More About the Sun. Helioseismology. Vibrations on the surface depend on the density and temperatures in the interior of the Sun. Nuclear Reactions. Overcoming Electrostatic Repulsion. Nuclear Fusion: Energy for Sun.

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The Sun: Our Star

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  1. The Sun: Our Star

  2. Hydrostatic Equilibrium

  3. Structure of the Sun

  4. More About the Sun

  5. Helioseismology • Vibrations on the surface depend on the density and temperatures in the interior of the Sun

  6. Nuclear Reactions

  7. Overcoming Electrostatic Repulsion

  8. Nuclear Fusion: Energy for Sun

  9. Fusion in the Core of the Sun

  10. Energy from Fusion • Proton mass = 1.6726 ´ 10-27 kg • Four protons = 6.690 ´ 10-27 kg • One helium-4 nucleus = 6.643 ´ 10-27 kg • Two positrons = 0.0018´ 10-27 kg • Neutrino mass even smaller • Mass converted per reaction: E = mc24.5 ´ 10-29 kg E = 4 ´ 10-12 Joules • Less than a percent (0.7%) of mass

  11. Core Pressure Balance

  12. Testing the Solar Model

  13. Neutrinos from the Sun

  14. Radiation Zone: • Photons “random walk” through many layers of the Sun

  15. Convection Zone • The gas in the convection layers “bubble” like boiling water • Photons of light are aided in their journey to the outer layers of the Sun

  16. Granules

  17. Granules

  18. Granulation and Sunspots • The brighter features are hotter due to the laws of thermal radiation • What does this imply about the Sunspot? • Granules are evidence of convection below the photosphere

  19. Chromosphere and Corona

  20. Magnetic Fields and Charged Particles

  21. Sunspots and Magnetic Fields • Sunspots are cold spots on the photosphere • Sunspots are“storms” of magnetic field • Prominencesand flares are connected tosunspots

  22. Prominences

  23. Solar Flare

  24. The Active Sun: X-ray Image

  25. Sunspot Cycle • Number of sunspotspeaks every 11 years • Location of sunspotsshifts during cycle • Solar cycle is really22 years: magnetic field is reversed in the E-W direction

  26. Babcock Model

  27. Solar Activity Affects Earth

  28. Solar Activity Affects Earth

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