prepositions ( 介词）

1. prepositions (介词）

2. 常见介词 over above • 方位介词 • above\over\on\below\under\beneath on beneath below under over Be careful, there is a heavy box______ your head. The sun is _____ the mountain in the east. There are some stamps_______the desk. The position he pointed to was _______ the sea level. The little mouse is _____ the table, so it is not easy to find it. above on above\below under

3. over 2. across\ over\ through\ past across 横穿，穿越， 表示运动发生在物体的表面 跨过 越过，表示运动发生在物体的上方 穿过，通过表示运动发生在摸物的空间 through past 从—经过，表示运动发生在某物的旁边 across The Great wall winds its way from west to east, ________deserts, ______ mountains, _____ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. The crowd of people walked _____ the City Hall to the Centre Square. Swim ____ the river, go ___ the street , fly ____ the mountain, _____ the door,\window, a bridge ____ the river over through past over across _ across through over

4. at 表示在较小的地方(门牌); 在某物旁(不确定的地方) in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市); 在某物范围内.(地点的排列顺序是由小到大). on 表示在某物上(表面接触); road 前用on, street前用in/on; 楼层用on; farm前用on, field前用in. • 3. 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别 at 116 Changhe Street. at the station\airport\at the theatre\the party\the meeting\ conference---- at the end of \ at the bottom of \ at the foot of \--- In the world \in Asia\ in the country \in the village\ in the street in the sky\in the lake\ in the woods\ in an armchair\ in hospital \prison \church on the sixth floor.\ on the farm, on the ground\ a city on the Changjiang river,\ on the left \ on the right

5. 4.在---上 on 侧重与表面接触 in侧重与接触的深度 . in We found a square hole ______the west wall. There is a map of the world ______ the wall. hit\beat\strike\pat sb _____ the face \eye\mouth\chest hit\beat\strike\pat sb ______the head\forehead\nose\ear\neck\shoulder (take\seize\catch\shake sb _______ the arm\hand) There are lots of apples ______ the tree. Birds often play ______ the tree. on in on by on in in \on 表静态，into \onto表动态“往—里 往—上

6. 5.表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别 ★ in 表示在境内. ★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内. ★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤. ★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方. in Guangdong lies ____ the south of China and Fujian is _____ the east of it. Hainan is ____ the coast of the mainland. on off

7. 6 介词 among 和 between 的区别 1） 一般情况下，between用于两者之间， among用于三者或三者以上之间。 It is about 100 metres between the post office and our school. Divide the money among the four of you 2)但在有些情况下between可用于三者或三者以上之间。 A） 提到明确位置时 Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy B） 提到事物之间区别时 Do you know the difference between lie, lay and laid? C） 提到各分配对象时 He divided his money betweenhis wife, his son and his daughter.（此句也可用among，但意义有差别。between强调个体各有一份，among强调整体， 表示分钱的范围）

8. D） 强调两者以上的事物两两之间的相互关系： the Treaty Between the Three Powers 三国协约 （不可用among） E） 用在“between ourselves”结构中，意为“私下说的话（不可告诉别人）”。 The matter is highly classified. It is between ourselves. 这件事高度机密，不能告诉别人。

9. 二 表示时间介词 1.at, in, on的区别 1 The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before;around 2 The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during 3 The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on C C A

10. in ,on, at的区别和用法1） at 表示在某一时刻或短暂的时间。 at one o’clock（在一点钟）， at dawn（在黎明）， at sunrise （在日出时）， at noon（在正午）， at that time（在那时）， at the last moment （在最后一刻）， at breakfast （在早餐时）\at dark at亦可表示 “年龄”、 “节日”等。at the age of twenty（在二十岁时）， at Mid-autumn（在中秋节时）， at Christmas（在圣诞节时） 2） in 用来表示某年、某月、季节、上下午、傍晚等时间 in 1998\ in May, \in May, 1998\in the morning\afternoon\evening， in the night（特指某一夜间，而at night表泛指的夜间），in the day（在白天）\in summer \in the twentieth century\in modern times\in one’s old age（在某人晚年）\ in one’s teens / twenties/ thirties,\ in one’s youth \in the day time\ in one’ s life\ in the past \in those days \in the future\ in a week（在一周后in a few days \in a moment ， 3） on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。 on Sunday（在星期日）， on October the first， 1999（在1999年10月1日）， on Monday morning（在星期日早晨）， on a cold evening（在一个寒冷的晚上）， on New Year’s Eve（新年前夕）\on Christmas Day At 9 on the morning of April,1976 At 9 in the morning in April , 1976 during the Christmas Days

11. 2.in, within, after的区别和用法1） in 表从现在时间角度看将来，意为“在…之后“，“过若干时间就…”。 The project will be finished in a week. 2） within 表示期限,，意为“在某时间之内”。(将来或过去） He must be back within a week. 他必须一周之内回来。 3） after 表示 “什么时间之后”，后可接表某一时刻或某种活动的词。 The meal was ready after thirty minutes. 三十分钟后饭熟了。 We left after the party. 晚会后我们离开了。 My father will be back from abroad in three days. He left home and went to the front after two days\ two days later I’ll go and see her after three o’clock. after+一段时间， 常与过去时连用 after +时间上的一点， 常与将来时连用 In the past, no villagers dared do that. In the past\last few years, great changes have taken place in the village.

12. 4.during, for的区别和用法 during 表示“在（某一段时间）内”，“在…期间”，用于已知一段时间或已限定的时期或阶段。for 用来指延续一段时间。 例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 days. 我假期里去了上海并在那儿呆了二十多天。 5. by, till / until的区别和用法 1） by表示到某时某事已发生或已出现情况，经常与完成时连用；till 表示 行动或状态一直迟续到某一时间(肯定句中延续动词）。 We discussed about the matter till/until midnight. 我们一直谈那件事，直到午夜时分。（midnight 指动作的终点）. You must hand in your term paper by next Monday. 你必须在下星期日之前交学期论文。 （不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是这之前某个时间发生） 2） till / until 经常用在否定句中，译作 “到…才”, 强调时间晚了。. 例如 He didn’t arrive until ten o’clock. 他直到十点钟才来。

13. 三、besides, but, except, except for, other than的区别和用法 Beside 在---旁边 1）Besides 除—在外还有（常与also, else, any other, more 连用）（包括再内） 例如 He had to learn English besides Japanese. 副词， 此外 而且 2） but与except同义， 但but多用在every， any， no（及它们的复合词）， all， none， who， what， where等后。 Who but George would do such a thing? 除乔治之外，还有谁会干这种事？ 3） except表示“除了”，不包括其后的宾语。 Everyone came on time except Henry. 4） except for“除了…，只是…”，前后比较对象不属于同一类或同一个层次。 The road was empty except fora few cars. 肯定整体， 否定小部分 They are good boys except for their shortcoming Except that 加句子 Except when加句子除了当-----时候

14. 5） other than与except用法相似，但other than还有其他的含义： A） not, any thing but （不是，除了） 例如 She can hardly be other than grateful. 她会感激不尽。 B） otherwise than; in any other way than （与…不同；与…不同方式） 例如 You can’t get there other than by swimming. 除游泳之外，别无其他方法抵达那里。 6） apart from 可表示besides， except， except for或without的意义： 例 1 It’s time-consuming apart fromthe cost(=besides). 除了价格高以外，还很费时。 例 2 You did a good job, apart froma few slight faults(=except for) . 除了一些小缺点外，你做得还不错。 例 3 He cares nothing in the world apart fromhimself(=except). 在世上，他除了自己什么都不在乎。 例 4 There is no short-cut to it apart from hard work(=without). 除了努力工作，别无捷径可走。

15. 四、 表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词 ★ at 表示价值，价格, 比率或速度, 表单价. ★ for 表示交换, 指总价钱 ★ by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the. 数词或复数名词前不加. We are flying _______ a speed of 400kms/hr. I bought these books ______ 5 dollars each. I bought these books _______ 30 dollars. He is paid _______ the week. Eggs are sold ______ the dozen. at at for by by by the year\day\ month\--- by the dozen\ton\yard\jin---- by weight \height\length\width

16. 五、 工具、手段、 方式介词 By sea\ by water\ by land\ by air\ by rail By bike\ by bus\ by taxi\ by plane\ by ship \ by boat\ by train\ by spaceship In the \a plane, on a\ the train, on the \ a \my bike,, on foot, on a horse With + a \ the \my +有形的工具或身体某些器官 With a pen\ with our eyes By \in\ on\ over\through 等多用与无形的工具或手段 by hand\ in ink \on the telephone \over the radio \through the telescope by post/ mail by telegram, by phone 使用语言， 原料， 材料用 in in English in blue ink In this\ that \the same way By this\that means By means of With this\ that method

17. at引起情绪的原因（因听到或看到-----） be glad \ pleased \ happy\delighted\sad\ surprised ---at, be angry at\ be excited at-----具体事物- for and with后接表示感情的抽象名词，其中with侧重与随着心理变化而发生的感情变化 She often hangs down her head for shame He went red with anger Her face went red with cold at work, at play, at war, 处于某种状态 In good order\ in poor health\ in good condition\ in a hurry \ in public\ in peace\ in danger--- On business\ on sale\ on watch\ on strike\ on holiday\ on fire\ on show\ on a visit

18. 1.Of use =useful\ of importance=important\ of value= valuable \ of help= helpful\ of no use= useless 2.The key to the door\ the answer to the question\ a visit to \ 3.pay attention to\be used to \ stick to\ lead to \ get down to\ look forward to \ object to\ see to \ be devoted to\ the key to \ 4.(much) To one’s delight\ surprise\ horror\ sorrow\ joy\ regret =to the delight \ surprise\ horror\ sorrow\ joy\ regret of sb 5.With的复合宾语 With the door open \ with the light on\ with his hands in his pocket\ with his eyes looking at me\ with all the work done\ with a lot of work to do

19. on“关于”，学术性强：a lecture on computer about“关于”，知识性或随便谈论：a discussion about the plan be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某 be familiar to sb. …为某人所熟悉 shout to 呼喊，向…喊 shout at对…吼，责骂 be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in sth. 严格对待某事 in the end＝at last＝finally by the end of到…末止 at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 at the end of在…结束时，在…末端， after a time＝after some time 过一段时间后 behind time迟到，过期 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 sometimes有时 at a time＝each time每次 at one time＝once曾经 in the way挡路，障碍，妨碍 in a way在某点上，在某种程度上 by the way顺便问一下 on ones way(to) 在…路上 in the air 空中，在流传 on the air播出

20. for a moment＝for a while/minute一会儿 for the moment暂时 in a moment立刻 at the moment当时 the moment/minute/second/instance…＝as soon as 一…就 be tired of… 讨厌 … be tired with\from… 因…而疲倦 be pleased with＋名词/what从句 对…满意 be pleased at＋抽象名词 听/看到…而高兴 be known to sb.为某人所知 be known as 作为…而出名，被叫作… be known for因…而出名 be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事

21. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _______. • At last B. in case C. once again D. in time • 2. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. • A. As B. For C. With D. Through • 3. The suit fitted him very well ______ the color was a little brighter. • A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides • 4. i kow nothing about the young lady______ she is from Beijing. • A.except B. except for C. except that D. besides • 5. Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t ______ you. • A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to

22. 6. Rose was wild with joy _____ the result of the examination. A. to B. at C. by D. as 7. The home improvements have taken what little there is ___ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 8. The sunlight came in _____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. A. through B. across C. on D. over 9. You are so lucky? -- what do you mean _____ that ? A. for B. in C. of D. by 10.The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO2010 is strongly impressed ____ my memory. A. to B. over C. by D. on

23. 11.--What do you want to do______ these old boxes? --- To put things in when I move to the new flat A. by B. for C. of D. with 12. They had a pleasant chat ______ a cup of coffee. A. for B. with C. during D. over 13. I am sorry it’s _____ my power to make a final decision on the project. A. over B. above C. off D. beyond 14. In order to change attitudes _____ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws. A. about B. of C. towards D. on 15. The accident is reported to have occurred ____ the first Sunday in February. A. at B. on C. in D. to

24. 16. We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ____ chance. • Of B. in C. for D. by • 17.John became a footballl coach inSealin Middle School______ the beginning of March. • A. on B. for C. with D. at • 18. People have always been curious ____ how living things on the earth exactly began. • A in B. at C. of D. about • 19. When do we need to pay the balance? • ____September 30 • A. In B. By C. During D. within • 20. He is up_____1.80cm, and taller than his twin brother____3 inches. • A. by to B. to by C. by by D. to to