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Affirmative Action in Higher Education. A Case Study of the Effects the Courts Have Had on the Admissions Processes of Higher Education Institutions. Comparison of Candidates. 3.8 GPA 3.0 GPA 25 ACT 22 ACT
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Affirmative Action in Higher Education A Case Study of the Effects the Courts Have Had on the Admissions Processes of Higher Education Institutions.
Comparison of Candidates • 3.8 GPA 3.0 GPA • 25 ACT 22 ACT • 22 of 332 100 of 305 • White Male Minority (Gratz v. Bollinger; U of Michigan)
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke (1978) • University of California at Davis • Medical School Admissions • Admissions Policy • Special/Regular Admissions • Case Background • Road to the Supreme Court • Supreme Court Division
Hopwood v. Texas (1996) • University of Texas at Austin • Law School Admissions • Admissions Policy • Categories of Admission • TI Ranges • Additional Segregation • Case Background • Road to the Supreme Court • Texas Reaction
The Michigan CasesGrattz v. Bollinger • University of Michigan • College of Literature, Science, and Art Admissions • Admissions Policy • Case Background • Road to the Supreme Court Decision
The Michigan CasesGrutter v. Bollinger • University of Michigan • Law School Admissions • Admissions Policy • Case Background • Road to the Supreme Court Decision • Justice Clarence Thomas’ Dissent on Quotas
Michigan University Prepares Its Defense • Team of Scholars Compiled • Study Conducted • Results of Study
Alternatives to Affirmative Action • “One Florida Initiative” • Jeb Bush’s Percentage Plan For Diversity in Higher Education • The Implementation • The Success of the Plan • Other States Follow
Conclusions • How Have Admissions Been Shaped by the Courts? • What Can the Courts Expect for the Future? • Will Affirmative Action be needed 25 Years from now?