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Japan since 1990

Japan since 1990. What we know Recession since 1990 Challenges to 1955 System LDP in flux External challenges (other parties) Collapse of the left A new center-right 1 and ½ party system Internal challenges (Koizumi) 2009: Two Party System?. Evolution of Japanese Parties. Liberal

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Japan since 1990

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  1. Japan since 1990 What we know • Recession since 1990 • Challenges to 1955 System • LDP in flux • External challenges (other parties) • Collapse of the left • A new center-right 1 and ½ party system • Internal challenges (Koizumi) • 2009: Two Party System?

  2. Evolution of Japanese Parties • Liberal • Democratic LDP LDPLDPLDP LDP LDP • Party (LDP) (Spring 1998; • Breakaway LDP alone) • Factions (1992-93) • Sakigake • Japan New Party • Shinseito Sakigake Sakigake Sakigake • (dissolved 2004) • Social • Democratic • Party of Japan SDPJ SDPJ SDPJ SDP SDP • (SDPJ) • Democratic Party • Komeito of Japan (DPJ) DPJ DPJ • (Clean Government (4/98) (2009) • Party) • "NOT-LDP" New Frontier coalition Party (NFP) Peace and Reform • Democratic Network • Socialist • Party (DSP) Komeito New Komeito NKP NKP New Peace Party • United Social Liberal League • Democratic Party (LDP ally 99-00; merges with DPJ) • (USDP) New Conservative (LDP ally) (merges with LDP 2003) • Japan • Communist Party JCP JCP JCP JCP JCP • (JCP) • 1990 7/18/93 June 1994 Dec. 1994 Fall 1996 1997-1998 1999-2009 2009 • *Ruling party or coalition at the time in bold

  3. PMs in the 1990s Takeshita Noboru Uno Sosuke Kaifu Toshiki Miyazawa Kiichi Nov. 1987–June 1989June–Aug. 19898/89–11/91 11/91–8/93 LDP Scandals

  4. Open up the economy From nationalist to liberal Lifestyle Superpower Japan as a “normal’ nation Saying “no” to the US End of Yoshida Doctrine Electoral reform Political Debates

  5. July 18 Election End of 1955 SystemHeisei Revolution of Summer 1993

  6. Conclusions? • Not-LDP coalition • Old parties lose • Left loses • LDP factional split

  7. PMs in the 1990s Hosokawa Morihiro Hata Tsutomu Murayama Tomiichi Hashimoto Ryutaro New Party New Party SDP (LDP coalition) LDP 8/1993 – 4/1994 4/1994 – 6/1994 6/1994 – 1/19961/96-7/98 But…

  8. Big Changes in 1990s? • Electoral Reform in Lower House 1996 • 300 SMD • 180 Proportional representation • LDP Party Rules reform • Administrative Reforms (passed 1998; in force 2001)

  9. (seats in Lower House) 1996 2000 2003 New Frontier Party 156 0 0 Democratic Party of Japan 52 127 178 Kan Naoto Hatoyama Yukio New 1 and ½ Party System?

  10. LDP Challenged from Within April 2001 LDP Party Rules Changes have an impact Koizumi Junichiro (PM 2001-2006)

  11. September 2005 Election Koizumi vs. Iron Triangle/LDP Anti-Reform factions Postal reform • Policy • Public vs. Iron Triangle • Institutional Change • LDP Future • Koizumi’s legacy

  12. Koizumi Wins • LDP 212 to 296 seats • DPJ 177-113 seats • Postal reform Bill passes October 2005

  13. Koizumi retires, September 2006 PMs since the 1990s Abe Shinzo Fukuda Yasuo Aso Taro 9/06-9/07 9/07-9/08 9/08-9/09 But…

  14. 2005 2009 LDP 296 119 DPJ 113 308 New PM Hatoyama Yukio (DPJ) 2009 Election

  15. Party Strength in Lower House

  16. DPJ Victory Why did DPJ win? • LDP weakness • Recession • “Flexicons”

  17. DPJ in Power? • Rolling back market reforms? • Alliance with the US? • Worries about Japanese Identity? • Consumers first, producers second? • Breaking the Iron Triangle? • Real power for the government?

  18. For DPJ: Business as Usual Hatoyama Yukio Kan Naoto Noda Yoshihiko 9/16/09—6/8/10 6/8/10—9/2/11 9/2/11—12/26/12

  19. Great East Japan Earthquake March 11, 2011

  20. The Damage(from Japan Science and Technology Agency)

  21. Before and After

  22. Fukushima Nuclear Reactor

  23. December 2012 Election LDP DPJ Restoration Pre-2009 303 110 0 Post-2009 119 308 0 Dec. 2012 294 56 54 New PM Restoration Party Leader Abe Shinzo Ishihara Shintaro

  24. 2012 Election

  25. Questions • Is the 1955 System dead? • Does Japan have a Two-Party System? • When in doubt, back to the LDP? • Stimulus package 2013

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