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Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecology. Microbes in their Environment Microbe-Microbe Interactions Biogeochemistry (Cycling of Elements) Microbe-Higher Organism Interactions Environmental Pollution Control. Positive Population Interactions. Protocooperation. Protocooperative Consortium.

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Microbial Ecology

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  1. Microbial Ecology • Microbes in their Environment • Microbe-Microbe Interactions • Biogeochemistry (Cycling of Elements) • Microbe-Higher Organism Interactions • Environmental Pollution Control

  2. Positive Population Interactions

  3. Protocooperation

  4. Protocooperative Consortium

  5. Negative Population Interactions

  6. Predators

  7. Ant-Fungi Mutualism Actinomycete amensalism of parasitic fungi Fungal-Fungal Parasitism

  8. Carbon Biogeochemistry

  9. Aerobic Carbon Use

  10. Anaerobic Carbon Use(No Oxygen)

  11. Carbon Biogeochemistry

  12. SOIL • Oxygen supply limited by mineral particle size, organic matter content and water content. • Plant roots may also add oxygen to deeper soils or anaerobic soils. • Water saturation leads to anaerobic conditions and increased denitrification. • Distribution of microbes depends on organic matter supply and source (humus and root exudates)

  13. Soil Close-Up Geosmin = “earthy smell” = Cyanobacteria = Actinomycetes

  14. Mycorrhizae Fungi Ectomycorrhizal association between Douglas Fir (Pseuditsuga menziesii) and a boletus-like mushroom (Suillus caerulescens).

  15. Legume Root Nodule formed by Rhizobium spp.

  16. Bovine Rumen It’s a 100+ liter cellulose-degrading methane-producing microbial incubation.

  17. There are only a few manned submersibles in the world that can explore hydrothermal vent communities (e.g. Alvin)

  18. Control Point SourcesWastewater Treatment • Raw Sewage (99.9% water to 0.1% waste) • Pollutants in sewage are: • Debris and grit • Particulate organic material • Colloidal and dissolved organic material • Dissolved inorganic material • Human Pathogens • Toxic Chemicals • Pharmaceuticals

  19. Wastewater Treatment • Preliminary (physical screening) • Primary (physically settle solids) • Secondary (biological) • Remove organics aerobicaly (lower BOD) • Solids production (separate water and “sludge”) • Sludge Treatment (solids reduced) • Tertiary (biological or chemical “polishing”) • Biological nutrient removal systems • Pathogen removal by chlorine or ozone • Chemical nutrient removal (costly)

  20. Wastewater Treatment

  21. Secondary Treatment: Activated Sludge (aerobic) Trickle Filters (aerobic) Anaerobic Sludge Digesters

  22. Trickle Filter Biofilms

  23. What da Floc? • Bacterial growth in activated sludge digested (aerobic) will aggregate (floc). • Dissolved organics aggregate with bacterial growth and removed from the water. • Imbalances may cause growth of filamentous bacteria or fungi; prevents settling; called “bulking”.

  24. Anaerobic Sludge Digester (Methane Production)

  25. What’s a coliform? Why test them? How can we test for them?

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