Unit 4

1. Unit 4 Inderjeet Mander Vidhipatel Nivrittkohli Salman manzoor

2. Grammar • Past participles: adjectives that can form verbs • Ex. “to be closed”  “closed” • Drop ending and add • -ado for –ar verbs • -ido for –er and –ir verbs • Ex. Cerrar  cerrado • Example sentence: • “The office is closed.”  “La oficinaestacerrada.” • If reflexive, drop –se from infinitive • Ex. “Peinarse”  “peinando”

3. Imperfect tense • Events that aren’t completed • Something was happening • Something you used to do • How old someone was • Tell what time it was

4. -ar verbs • -aba -abamos • -abas -abais • -aba -aban • -er and –ir verbs • -ia -iamos • -ias -iais • -ia -ian

5. Irregular • Ser • Era, eras, era, eramos, erais, eran • Ir • Iba, ibas, iba, ibamos, ibais, iban • Ver • Veia, veias, veia, veiamos, veiais, veian

6. Preterite vs. Imperfect • Preterite • Use when specific beginning and end time • Imperfect • Use when not stating when action began/ended • Both (in a sentence) • Preterite: action that happened • Imperfect: what happened at that time • Ex. Cuando la guerratermino, Santa Ana erapresidente de Mexico.

7. Culture • San Juan Parangaricutiro, Mexico • Only the ruins of a church remain • Volcano Paricutin destroyed the city • In Nicaragua, there are footprints that are about 6000 years old that were preserved in the mud and volcanic ash (Las Huellas de Acahualinca). • Alfredo Zalce Torres • Painted the markets and people of Morelia, MX • Painted lives of indigenous people from Michoacan • Paintings are in the Governor’s Palace, called “Historia de Michoacan,” illustrates 500 years of the history

8. El fuego y el tlacuache • Story about the origin of fire • A stone in flames fell from a star • An old woman took the flame into her home • She used it to cook and stay warm but didn’t share • An opossum said he could bring them the fire • He went to the woman’s house and asked to sit by the fire to keep warm • He lit his tail on fire and brought it out • That’s why the opossum has a bald tail

9. Vocabulary Dio God Army Ejercito Emperor Emperador Enemy Enemigo Guerrero Warrior Hero Heroe Heroine Heroina Joven Young man Princesa Princess

10. Vocab Mountain Montana Palacio Palace Volcano Volcan Battle Batalla War Guerra Cascarse Get Married Contar Tell a story To carry Llevar To cry Llorar To die Morir

11. Little more Fight Pelear Return Regresar Transform Transformar Legend Leyenda Mensaje Message narracion Narration Character Personaje

12. Last Slide Aztec Azteca To be in love with EstarEnamorado Handsome Hermoso Heroic Heroico Historic Historico Beloved Querido Jealousy Los celos TenerCelos To be jealous Brave Valiente Once upon a time HabiaunaVes Hacemuchossiglos Many centuries ago About Sobre

13. Lesson 2

14. Grammar • Preterite of verbs that end in: -car, -gar, and –zar • Spelled differently in yo form to maintain pronunciation; n • C becomes qu: Yobusque • G becomes gu: Yopague • Z becomes c: Yoempece

15. Preterite Stems • Venir, querer, decir, and traer are irregular in the preterite. • Venir and querer take the same endings as estar, poder, saber, tenre, etc.

16. Preterite Stems • Preterite stems of decir and traer end in j • Same preterite endings as Venir and Querer, just drop the I from ustedes/ellos/ellas ending

17. Culture • Indigenous words: • -over 1 million mexicans speak nahuatl, the aztec language • -"chocolate" "tomate" and "chile" have nahuatl origins • -Quechua is a common indigenous language in south america from the Incas • -"llama" "papa" and "pampa" are quechuan words • -The volcano Ixtaccihuatl in MX is a nahuatl word that means "sleeping woman" • -The volcano Guagua Pichincha has "guagua" which means "baby" in Quechan

18. Ancient Sport • -"el juego de pelota" (ball sport) is over 3000 years old • -Olmecas, Toltecas, Mayans, Aztecs all played • -players hit a rubber ball with their hips, arms, or a bat to get it in the ring

19. Zapotecas and Otavalenos • -Oaxaca is based on indigenous civilizations  • -Monte Alban was the ancient Toltec capital and there are ruins over 1,300 years old • -La Guelaguetza is a ceremony and it means "gift" • -In Ecuador, the ancient civilization was the Otavalenos, before the Incas • -Culture still present in their products and goods • -La fiesta del Yamor honors mother Earth

20. Vocabulary Antiguo Ancient Avanzado Advanced Calendar Calendario Civilizacion Civilization Estatua Statue Herramienta Tools Monumento Monument

21. Vocabulary Objeto Object Pyramid Piramide Religion Religion Ruinas Ruins Temple Templo Tomb Tumba

22. More Vocabulary Agriculture Agricultura To Hunt Cazar Construir To Build Excavation Excavacion Farmer Agricultur Toltecs Toltecas

23. Some More Vocabulary Acera Sidewalk Avenida Avenue Neighborhood Barrio Cathedral Catedral City Ciudad City Block Cuadra Building Edificio Moderno Modern Plaza Plaza Rascacielos Skyscraper

24. Just a Little More… Como llego a… How do I get to.. To cross Cruzar To turn Doblar To the right A la derecha A la izquierda To the left SeguirDerecho To go straight From Desde Between Entre

25. Last One I Swear Across from Frente a… To Hasta En la esquina On the corner Semaforo Traffic Light