Preserving Columbia’s Library Materials Part 4

1. Preserving Columbia’s Library MaterialsPart 4

2. What this presentation covers Part 1: Why materials deteriorate. Part 2: Shelving materials carefully. Part 3: Handling materials carefully. Part 4: Identifying and preventing damage.

3. Identifying damaged books for treatment

4. Damaged books • Even with good shelving and handling, materials may get damaged. • Library staff should set damaged volumes aside for treatment. • Learn where your unit puts damaged items, and what the procedures are.

5. Books need repair or rebinding when They have loose or torn covers.

6. Books need repair or rebinding when The spine is torn or broken.

7. Books need repair or rebinding when They are broken at the hinge where the cover folds back.

8. Books need repair or rebinding when Pages are loose or torn.

9. Tape is a problem • Making repairs with tape is a big mistake. • Send damaged books to be rebound or repaired by Preservation.

10. Tape turns brown and stains paper.

11. Don’t fix them yourself! Putting tape or glue on books only makes them worse.

12. Paper fold test • Damaged books are processed differently depending on whether the paper is flexible or brittle.

13. Paper fold test To test for brittleness: • Fold a small corner flat in the middle of the book (but not an illustration). This is fold 1.

14. Paper fold test To test for brittleness: • Straighten the corner and fold it flat the other way. This is fold 2. • Repeat for folds 3 and 4. • Straighten it out and give a gentlepull.

15. Paper fold test If the paper breaks at one or two folds, it’s brittle.

16. Paper fold test • If the paper breaks at three or four folds, it may be possible to repair the book. • If it doesn’t break at all, the paper is fully flexible and the book can be bound, or rebound.

17. Damaged pamphlet bindings ("gaylords") should be sent for rebinding if the paper is flexible.

18. Unbound items tied between boards should be bound if flexible, or put in boxes if brittle.

19. Binding Slips Fill in binding slips and send books to Binding and Shelf Prep for rebinding.

20. Books that have been rebound

21. Conservation Lab • Send books to the Conservation Lab in 109 Butler for hand binding and repair if • pages are torn • the binding or endsheets are special • the book was printed before 1850 • The same binding slips are used for Conservation repairs.

22. Conservation Lab

23. Book repair in Conservation • Conservation staff may be able to save the book’s original cover. • Conservation staff can repair torn pages with special tissue, not tape.

24. Repairing coversBeforeAfter

25. Mending torn pages

26. Books with brittle paper cannot be repaired or rebound because the paper keeps breaking.

27. Brittle paper • Handle all brittle items with care. • Set them aside after Circulation or processing in the location used in your unit.

28. Reviewing books to decide on a treatment • encapsulation • acid-free photocopy • custom-made box • replacement • microfilm • digital copy

29. Encapsulation • Conservation Lab can encapsulate brittle maps or pages of heavily illustrated books between two sheets of polyester (mylar). • The sealed mylar envelopes can be bound together into a book that can be handled safely.

30. Encapsulation

31. Photocopies Photocopies can be made on acid-free paper to replace the brittle book.

32. Brittle book Photocopy

33. Custom-made boxes can protect a brittle book.

34. Replacements • Most brittle books are replaced by a new edition, a reprint, or a microfilm. • If no replacement can be found, then the book will be prepared by Preservation and sent for microfilming by a commercial vendor.

35. Microfilming

36. Inspection The film is carefully inspected for quality by Preservation before it is added to the Libraries' collections.

37. Digital images Sometimes we create digital images in addition to or instead of microfilm. This volume was filmed and then the film was scanned for online use.

38. Disaster prevention Every year Columbia has 10-12 cases of leaks and other disasters in one or another of the libraries around campus. Every year these disasters damage and destroy library materials. Your library could be next. BE PREPARED

39. Dripping radiators Stay alert for • Leaking pipes • Open windows on rainy days.

40. Overloaded outlets Smoldering cigarettes and matches Stay alert for • Anything else that looks suspicious.

41. Report problems immediately.

42. Know the Disaster Plan • Every department has a copy of the Disaster Plan and it is also on Swift. • Know where your Plan is and the phone list of people to call for help. • Every unit has supplies to use if disaster strikes -- do you know where to find yours?

43. The Disaster Plan is available on Swift under Health and Safety.

44. Preserving our collections is everyone’s responsibility.Please help!

45. If you have questions, send email to gertz@columbia.edu and check the Preservation Division page on Swift: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/inside/units/preservation/