DAC Center at NSLS Q. Z. Guo (X17B3) Jingzhu Hu (X17C) Z. X. Liu (U2A)

1. DAC Center at NSLSQ. Z. Guo (X17B3) Jingzhu Hu (X17C) Z. X. Liu (U2A) R. J. Hemley (IR spokesperson) H. K. Mao (Xray spokesperson) Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington COnsortium for Materials PropertiesResearch inEarth Sciences

2. DAC Center at NSLS X17B X17C X-RAY IR U2A

3. Capabilities • X17B3 beam line • On-line laser-heating • Cryogenic conditions • EDXD • ADXD • Microbeam < 10 microns • 100 days/year beam time • X17C beam line • EDXD • ADXD • <10 microns white beam • Sagittal Laue focusing mono • 200 days/year beam time • U2A beam line • Cryogenic conditions • Diffraction limited IR microscopy • On-line Raman • 200 days/year beam time • On-site laboratory • Ruby P-calibration • Portable on-line Raman • Sample prep • Cryogenic gas loading • Supporting all HP beamlines

4. HPCAT ID 2005 HPCAT ID 2002 HPCAT BM 2005 NSLS X17 HPCAT BM 2002 ALS Superbend NSLS has a very bright future in the next decade X-Ray Brilliance X17 Superconducting Wiggler White Beam Flux IR Brilliance Xray Spectroscopy Time Resolved XRD Amorphous Xray Diffraction Single-crystal XRD

5. Firsts • Dedicated high-pressure XRD beamline • Dedicated high-pressure IR beamline • Integration of XRD and laser-heating high P-T • Double-sided laser heating • Resistive heating and XRD above 100 GPa-1000 K • Integration of HP XRD, IR, on-line Raman at cryogenic T • Side diffraction for HP elasticity tensor and rheology • Single crystal diffraction above 20 GPa (to 60 GPa) • XRD of nanometer-size single crystal • XRD of amorphous structure at high P • Pressure calibration based on volume and elasticity

6. Unique & Routine Operations • Dedicated high-pressure XRD beamlines • Dedicated high-pressure IR beamline • Integration of XRD, IR, on-line Raman at HP, Hi-Lo T • Axial XRD for EOS and phase transition studies • Radial XRD for HP elasticity tensor and rheology • Micrometer to nanometer mineralogy with single-xl XRD • Brightest high-energy white x-ray in the U.S. • 500 day/yr beam time for COMPRES • Lowest cost (needs $1200/day b.t.), 1/4 of other facilities • Most productive HP geoscience facility in the world But unsustainable at the current funding of $660/day b.t.

7. Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and meteorite impact metamorphism New mineral, Tuite, in shocked meteorite Two new minerals, HP forms of chromite, discovered in shocked meteorite & synthesized in DAC Chen et al, PNAS 2003 Xie et al, GCA 2002 Green, PNAS 2003 Thin chromite (presumed) precipitates in olivine from garnet peridotite.

8. New Lunar Mineral, Hapkite Anand et al, PNAS 2004

9. Big MAC and CVD DAC Rapid growth of superhard single-crystal Diamond by Homoepitaxial CVD method [Yan, et al, 2004] XRD, IR, Raman, and laser heating with 10 carat moissanite anivl cell [Xu, et al, 2004] CVD diamond anvils reaching 230 GPa [Mao, et al, 2004]

10. ANOMALOUS TRANSITIONS IN ICE VIII A WEALTH OF FINDINGS: HP IR studies ? Pressure dependence of IR translational and rotational mode frequencies in D2O No transition [Klug et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004 submitted]

11. HP IR study of Amphibole Group from Dip. Scienze della Terra, Università di Chieti, Chieti Scalo (2004) Unpublished work, do not circulate

12. HP hydrogen bond symmetrization in methane clathrate Klug et al June 2004; unpublished work, do not circulate

13. Acknowledgments Beamline Development Tom Duffy Guoyin Shen Yanzhang Ma Maddury Somayazulu Michael Hanfland Ming Li Original PRT Members Earl Skelton- -- NRL Dave Schiferl -- LANL Jagan Akella -- LLNL Paul McMillan -- ASU Funding Sources NSF-EAR NSF-DMR DOE-DP DOE-BES NASA Navy Carnegie Technical Help Larry Carr Peter Eng Larry Finger Alexander Goncharov Gwyn Williams Yan Wu Mark Rivers Users