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Global Migration Patterns

Global Migration Patterns. Pattern 1: Movement from less to more developed . Pattern 2: Guest workers versus permanent migration . Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

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Global Migration Patterns

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  1. Global Migration Patterns

  2. Pattern 1: Movement from less to more developed

  3. Pattern 2: Guest workers versus permanent migration Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

  4. Pattern 3: Migration within a Country • Migration between regions of a country • Migration between regions within the U.S. • Migration between regions in other countries • Migration within one region • Rural-urban migration • Urban-suburban migration • Migration from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions

  5. Center of Population in the U.S. Fig. 3-12: The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the population migration west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt.

  6. Intraregional Migration in the U.S. Why is counterurbanization slowing down? Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.

  7. Ravenstein’s 19th Century Migration “Laws” • Most people migrate for economic reasons. • Cultural & environmental factors may also be important, but not as important as economics • Most migrants move a short distance, and stay within a country. • Long-distance migrants go to major centers of economic activity (jobs). • Most long-distance migrants are males. • Most long-distance migrants are adults, not families with their children.

  8. Migrant Characteristics Changes • In the 19th Century E.G. Ravenstein noted that: • • Most long-distance migrants were male. • Most long-distance migrants were single adults, not families with children. • Are these characteristics still true? • Today, in the US, most international immigrants are women, not men. • Although most immigrants to the US are still single adults, increasing numbers of immigrants are children (17 years of age or less). • Why do we see changes? • Changes in the status of women, changes in the kinds of jobs available, changes in the transportation system.

  9. UN definition A person who has well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political group. UN reports 24 million refugees worldwide What about refugees?

  10. International refugees: Those who have crossed one or more international borders and are encamped in a country other than their own Intranational refugees: Those who have abandoned their homes but not their homeland What about refugees?UN definitions

  11. It is difficult to identify refugees. • No mention of natural/enviromental disaster • UN must distinguish between refugees and voluntary migrants before granting asylum. • Three general characteristics, individual or aggregate (collectively): • Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry or transport with them. • Most refugees make their first “step” on foot, by bicycle, wagon, or open boat. • Refugees move without the official documents that accompany channeled migrations.

  12. Regions of Dislocation • Sub-Saharan Africa • Several of the world’s largest refugee crises plagued Africa during the 1990s and early 21st century -8 million “official” refugees • Civil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and Sudan • Hostilities between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in Rwanda

  13. Other regions of dislocation… • North Africa and Southwest Asia • Israel and the displaced Arab populations that surround it • Exhibits qualities that are likely to generate additional refugee flow in the future • The Kurdish population following the Gulf War (1991) • Taliban rule in Afghanistan • Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion during the 1980s

  14. Regions of dislocation continued… • South Asia • Pakistan accommodated forced emigrants from Afghanistan • Major refugee problem stems from a civil war in Sri Lanka

  15. Regions of dislocation continued… • Southeast Asia • “Boat people” who fled communist rule in Vietnam • In the early 1990s, Cambodia generated the region’s largest refugee flow • Today--largest number of refugees come from Myanmar (Burma)

  16. Regions of dislocation continued… • Europe • After the collapse of Yugoslavia, over 1 million were displaced • South America • Colombian illegal drug violence, especially in rural areas

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