New Global Patterns

1. New Global Patterns World History: 1750 - Present

2. Tokugawa Japan New Global Patterns

3. Tokugawa Japan • Japan had been in the control of the Tokugawa shoguns since 1603 • The Tokugawas drove out foreigners and closed off trade with other countries

4. Tokugawa Japan • The Tokugawas also forbade Japanese people to travel overseas • Only the Dutch were allowed limited trade in a single port in Nagasaki

5. Tokugawa Japan • Without international trade, Japan soon went into decline • By the 1800s, Shoguns were no longer strong leaders and corruption was common

6. Japan Modernizes New Global Patterns

7. Japan Modernizes • In 1853, the United States sent naval commander Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan • He forced Japan to open its ports to trade

8. Japan Modernizes • Japan had a 215-year-old policy of seclusion • Some in Japan wanted to kick out the foreigners

9. Japan Modernizes • Many others were impressed by the might of the U.S. navy and wanted to adopt western ways • Once the U.S. had a foothold in Japan, many other European nations also joined

10. Japan Modernizes • Many of the treaties that the Japanese signed with the U.S. and Europe were very unfair and angered many of the Japanese

11. Japan Modernizes • In 1867, discontent daimyo and samurai led a revolt and removed the Tokugawas • They “restored” 14-year-old emperor Mutsuhito to power

12. Japan Modernizes • Mutsuhito had been emperor by title only • When the daimyo restored Mutsuhito, he took the name Meiji, which means “enlightened ruler”

13. Japan Modernizes • Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto to Edo • Edo was renamed Tokyo, which meant “eastern capital”

14. Meiji Restoration New Global Patterns

15. Meiji Restoration • Emperor Meiji’s reign lasted from 1868 to 1912 and is known as the Meiji Restoration • During the Meiji Restoration, officials set out to study Western ways and adapt them to Japanese ways

16. Meiji Restoration • The Meiji government sent representatives to Western governments to study their ways • The government also brought experts from Western countries to Japan

17. Meiji Restoration • The Meiji decided to adopt the German government model • A constitution was adopted that declared all people equal before the law

18. Meiji Restoration • Like the German system, it gave the emperor absolute power • A legislature, known as the Diet, was formed

19. Meiji Restoration • The Diet contained two houses • The first house held elected officials • The second house was made up of officials appointed by the emperor

20. Meiji Restoration • Japan also ended the special privileges of the samurai • In the past, samurai were the only warriors

21. Meiji Restoration • The Meiji declared all men were subject to military service

22. Meiji Restoration • The Meiji also modernized the economy • They set up a modern banking system, built railroads, improved ports, and organized telegraph and postal services

23. Meiji Restoration • To get industries started, the Meiji built factories and sold them to wealthy business families • One of those families was the Kawasaki family

24. Meiji Restoration • Due to the reforms, Japan became an industrial power • It then set off to establish an overseas empire

25. Meiji Restoration • Japan first set its sights on Korea • The Korean peninsula had been a focus of China, Japan, and Russia for many years

26. Meiji Restoration • Korea only had trade relations with China • Korea had shut its doors to all foreigners, including Japan and Russia

27. Meiji Restoration • Chinese power was declining in the 1800s, just as Japan was growing stronger • In 1876, Japan used its superior power to force Korea to open its ports to Japanese trade

28. Meiji Restoration • As Japan extended its influence in Korea, it came into conflict with China • In 1894, competition over Korea led to the First Sino-Japanese War

29. Japan at War New Global Patterns

30. Japan at War • To the surprise of China and the West, Japan easily won the war • Japan gained control of Chinese ports and control over the island of Taiwan

31. Japan at War • Russia and Japan began to feud over trade rights in Korea and also fought over control of Manchuria • This set off the Russo-Japanese War

32. Japan at War • Japan’s armies defeated Russian troops in Manchuria • Japan’s navy, modeled after Britain’s navy, almost destroyed the entire Russian fleet

33. Japan at War • In 1905, The United States, under President Teddy Roosevelt, worked out a peace treaty between Russia and Japan • Russia accepted defeat and signed the Treaty of Portsmouth

34. Japan at War • Japan gained control of parts of Manchuria • It also gained control over Korea

35. Japan at War • The Russo-Japanese War marked the firsttime that an Asian power defeated a European power

36. Japan Rules Korea New Global Patterns

37. Japan Rules Korea • Japan made Korea a protectorate after the Russo-Japanese War • This made Japan the defacto rulers of Korea

38. Japan Rules Korea • In 1910, Japan annexed Korea and made it part of the Japanese empire • Japan ruled Korea from 1910 to 1945

39. Japan Rules Korea • Japan set out to modernize Korea, but most of the benefits went to Japan • For example, Japanese technology allowed Korea to produce more rice than ever before, but most of it went to Japan

40. Japan Rules Korea • The Japanese imposed harsh rule over their colony • They tried to destroy the Korean language and take away freedoms from Koreans

41. Japan Rules Korea • Nationalist movements began to swell in Korea • On March 1, 1919, Koreans formed non-violent protests across the country • It was known as the March First Movement

42. Japan Rules Korea • The Japanese crushed the protest by massacring many Koreans • The March First Movement became a rallying symbol for many Korean nationalists

43. Japan Rules Korea • Regardless of the nationalist movement, the Koreans were not able to break away from Japan’s hold • Japan continued to expand its empire throughout East Asia during the following years

44. Dutch East Indies New Global Patterns

45. Dutch East Indies • During the early 1600s, the Dutch East India Company established bases on the island of Java and the Spice Islands • The Dutch expanded to dominate the rest of the Dutch East Indies (present day Indonesia)

46. Dutch East Indies • The Dutch East Indies produced valuable crops of coffee, indigo, and spices

47. Burma and Malaya New Global Patterns

48. Burma and Malaya • In the early 1800s, rulers of Burma fought with the British • The Burmese lost several wars and were finally annexed by Britain in 1886

49. Burma and Malaya • Britain also expanded its empire in Malaya • Britain used most of its resources in Malaya to develop the port city of Singapore

50. French Indochina New Global Patterns