NUR AQILAH AISYAH BT ALI HUSSIN 0519460 NUR LIANA BT JOHARI 0515684 ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH BT MUSTAFA

1. NUR AQILAH AISYAH BT ALI HUSSIN 0519460 NUR LIANA BT JOHARI 0515684 ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH BT MUSTAFA 0517888

2. PROBLEMS FACED BY ADOLESCENTS TODAY N

3. A desperate need to be 'cool' Adolescence: Forgotten Age, Forgotten Problems • Adolescence is a forgotten age, its problems largely ignored in the clamor for attention to competing societal concerns. • A worry to their parents and teachers, teenagers are often touchy, obsessed with the approval of their peers, and seemingly indifferent--or downright hostile--to the views and values of adults.

4. Research has shown that even good students from financially secure homes can go off track when they reach junior high school. • The years between 12 and 18 are an "extremely vulnerable" time in the lives of young people. • They desperately want the approval of their friends, to be perceived as 'cool,' and they will do dangerous and just plain dumb things to gain that status.

5. Temptations to drink, take drugs and engage in precocious sex arise long before adolescents have developed skills to cope with the forces that are whipsawing them. Violent behaviour and emotional problems, such as depression, which may be the precursor of a lifelong disability, may worsen during this period as well.

6. TYPES OF PROBLEMS FACED BY ADOLESCENCE

7. Popularity : Peer Pressure What determines which adolescents are popular and which are rejected? • The chief determinant of a youngster's popularity during adolescence is his or her social skills. Popular adolescents act appropriately in the eyes of their peers, are skilled at perceiving and meeting the needs of others and are confident without being conceited. (Steinberg 1996)

8. Are there problems affiliated with being involved in a peer group whether popular or rejected? • There are problems affiliated with being involved in a peer group whether popular or rejected. These problems consist of youth unemployment, teenage suicide, juvenile crime, delinquency, drug and alcohol use and premarital pregnancy. These problems have increased dramatically since the 1940's , due to the rise and power of peer groups.

9. Are popular students more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours than unpopular students? • Often, a greater involvement with the peer group can lead to unhealthy behaviours if that is what the norm is within the group. • The types of behaviours that are looked at in most studies are drug use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, and eating habits. • Adolescents who are not as peer-oriented as the popular students can often resist the peer pressure and temptation to involve themselves in these activities.

10. Is alcohol consumption more prevalent among popular groups? • Popular students are often invited to parties and similar social gatherings, where there is a chance that they will be exposed to alcohol. Many of these adolescents feel pressured to drink in order to fit in with their group of friends. Apparently in many groups of teens alcohol is used as an acceptance meter and if one doesn't drink, he or she may be looked down upon by his or her friends. This is usually more common among boys than it is among girls.

11. Drinking to fit in with the popular crowd is not new to modern times. In the book Adolescent Society, by James Coleman, teens were asked what one had to do to become popular and drinking was one of the top five answers. This dates back to 1961, when the studies were done. This shows that time alcohol use has been prevalent among elite high school groups.

12. Which crowds are more likely to be involved in sexual behaviour? • Kids that were rejected in grade school were usually involved in misconduct, which is associated with later numbers of sexual partners in high school. These kids showed low levels of self-restraint at young ages and then went on to show low self-restraint when involved in a sexual situation. • Popular students, however, are also likely to have many opportunities to have sexual intercourse. This is because most of these teens are successful at dating and are likely to have a number of potential partners.

13. Gangsterism • Gangsterism is common in a developing nation such as Malaysia and we have heard a lot about it occurring in schools. It has been reported that in developed countries, schoolchildren are increasingly involved in gangs.  

14. Gangsters are a threat to society and you can be considered a gangster if you are involved in any of these activities:  • Extort money from shop owners, hawkers and the like.  • Receive payment for threatening others or to beat someone up. • Protect/cover-up gambling, prostitution, and drug trafficking syndicates.  • Ransom people for money.  • Be a part of organized crime. • Force anyone to join a gang and its illegal activities.  • Attend a gang’s swearing-in ceremony.  • Engage in “table talk” or a fight with other gang members.  

15. Do many girls join gangs? • Male teens are much more likely to join gangs than female teens. However, the number of girls joining gangs is increasing. Why do adolescents join gangs? • Some are seeking excitement; others are looking for prestige, protection, a chance to make money, or a sense of belonging.   • Few are forced to join gangs; in most cases, teens can refuse to join without fear of retaliation.

16. Bullying in Schools • Bullies can be found in mostly every elementary school, teasing and harassing the other students. Many students and even more so parents of victimized students often wonder what triggers this type of delinquent behavior in people who are so young in age. Many people think that bullies possess some sort of psychological problem.

17. Four psychological characteristics that characterize bullies • A large need for dominance and control • Ability to select and manipulate victims • Ability to use high levels of aggression to resolve conflicts • Tendency to blame others for their own wrong-doing.

18. Four reasons why students bully their peers. • Personal reasons • Socio-Economic status • Attitudes towards school • Being different Bullies are many times influenced by their peers. Often times they may harass others because someone else told them to, or because they believe that it will make them more popular. Peer pressure is a large contributing factor to the event of bullying and is present in numerous elementary and middle schools.

19. Below are common criminal activities of gangsters:  • Hurt, injure or cause bodily harm to those who refuse to join the gang.  • Collect money from new recruits.  • Extort “protection money” from businesses.  • Collect “protection money” from entertainment, prostitution and gambling dens. 

20. Beat people up or destroy property of those who refuse to follow the gang’s commands.  • Fight with another gang for a “territory”.  • Kidnap those who are wealthy for ransom.  • Manufacture and store dangerous weapons.  • Get paid to collect debts

27. Allah has said: “Take not (for worship) two gods: for He is just One God: then fear Me (and Me alone).”verse 51To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and on earth, and to Him is duty due always: then will you fear other than Allah?verse 52Yet, when He removes the distress from you, behold! Some of you turn to other gods to join with their Lord –verse 54Surah Al-Nahl

28. DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION

29. DRUG USE A distinction has been made between 'problem use' of drugs • Addiction • Alcohol and binge drinking • Tobacco - cigarettes • Recreational use of drugs in clubbing or party settings – ecstasy and methamphetamine

30. Drug Addiction • The intense craving for a drug that develops after a period of physical dependence stemming from heavy use. • Illegal drugs - marijuana, heroin, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine

32. Alcohol • Alcohol is so widely accepted and so widely used, means that it creates more problems than other drugs. eg: fights, vandalism, traffic accidents • rather harmless when used in moderation, and • extremely dangerous when used to excess. • is called depressant – it depresses the activity of central nervous system, thereby interferes with coordination, reaction time and reasoning ability.

33. Alcohol will produce addiction if used in sufficient amounts over a long period. • Alcohol is believed to be involved in: 1) one-third of all suicides 2) one-half of all murders 3) two-thirds of all sexual assaults

34. Tobacco – cigarettes • Smoking habit • Principle drug in tobacco is nicotine which is clearly addictive • Can cause - drowsiness - nervousness - anxiety - headaches - loss of energy

35. Why youngsters involve in smoking: - depression - peer influence - media: advertisement - curiosity “Most young people have heard warnings about the health hazards of smoking, but many pay little heed”

36. Methamphetamine • a stimulant • recreational use of drugs, in clubbing or party settings • the most popular illegal drug among youth • also known as ice, ice baby, or crystal • cheaper than other drugs • easy to get the supply • effects are rather slight

37. crime – is a violation of criminal laws a persistent problem in all modern society CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

38. Murder Forcible rape Robbery Assaults (1) Offences against persons (violent crimes)

39. (2) Crimes against property (property crimes) • Burglary • Larceny thefts • Automobile thefts • Pickpocket • Wayside robberies • Snatch thefts

40. (3) Offences against public decency and order • Prostitution • Gambling • Drug offences • Drunkenness • Vagrancy • Vandalism

41. Juvenile Delinquency • Juveniles who violate criminal laws are called delinquents • Eg: runaways, truants, violators of curfew laws, youngsters who get drunk, and vandals • They are called delinquents because they have broken laws pertaining to the behaviour of juveniles.

43. ADOLESCENTS SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS • Western perspective: sexual intercourse before marriage is just a part of an overall trend towards more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviours • Islamic perspective: sexual intercourse before marriage is prohibited

44. Sexual freedom among adolescents • increases from time to time • a finding for 16 – 24 year olds: • 30% lost virginity before the age of consent, • 4% losing it before 14, • another 4% had not lost their virginity before 25

45. Homosexuality • a condition refers to those people who are attracted sexually to people of the same sex – gay and lesbian • Cause: popular explanation – “born with that” “There is clearly nothing innate in human beings that makes certain types of sexual behaviour normal and other types abnormal. The distinction between ‘normal’ and ‘deviant’ sex comes from society, not biology. We are born with a sex drive, but it is amazingly flexible and can be satisfied in a great variety of ways.”

46. Prostitution • The primary causes why adolescents involved in prostitution are money and material supports. • Eg:- someone pays for her apartment, buys her clothes, provide protection, arranges legal services, and sometimes gives her emotional support and affection.

47. Pornography • refers to pornographic materials – obscene books, films, pictures, magazines • leads to many sexual problems such as rape, child molestation, sexual harassment, and other sex crimes. • Leads to immorality and social decay among adolescents. Abortion • A medical operation in which developing baby is removed from a woman’s body so that it is not born alive • Why? • Among adolescents – sexual intercourse beforemarriage

48. Depression!!!!! • Clinical Depression is a serious illness that can affect anybody. • It can affect your thoughts, feelings, behavior, and overall health. • Most people with depression can be helped with treatment.  • Depression can affect people of any age, race, ethnic, or economic group.

49. Why do people get depressed? • Usually people get seriously depressed because of problems such as : • a divorce in the family ( a messed up home life ) • a major financial problems • someone you love died or • breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend. • Other times, depression just happens. Often teenagers react to the pain of depression by getting into trouble: trouble with alcohol, drugs, trouble with school or bad grades, problems with family or friends. • This is another reason why it's important to get treatment for depression before it leads to other trouble. 

50. Two kinds of depression The sad kind, called major depression, dysthymia or reactive depression Manic-depression or bipolar illness, when feeling down and depressed alternates with being speeded-up and sometimes acting reckless.