Matter, Elements & Atoms

1. Matter, Elements & Atoms

2. Classification of Matter Matteris anything that has mass and occupies space. We can classify matter based on whether it’s solid, liquid, or gas.

3. Classifying Matter by Physical State Matter can be classified as solid, liquid, or gas based on the characteristics it exhibits. 3

4. Solid • The particles in a solid are packed close together and are fixed in position. • though they may vibrate • The close packing of the particles results in solids being incompressible. • Retain shape and volume when placed in a new container, and prevents the solid from flowing.

5. Crystalline Amorphous Two specific types of solids

6. Liquids • The particles in a liquid are closely packed, but they have some ability to move around. • The close packing results in liquids being incompressible. • Liquids take the shape of their container and to flow; however, they don’t have enough freedom to escape and expand to fill the container.

7. Gases • In the gas state, the particles have complete freedom from each other. • The particles are constantly flying around, bumping into each other and the container. • In the gas state, there is a lot of empty space between the particles. • on average

8. Gases There is a lot of empty space so particles can be squeezed closer together; therefore, gases are compressible. The particles are not held in close contact and are moving freely, gases expand to fill and take the shape of their container, and will flow. 8

9. Presentations of matter

10. Properties of Matter • Physical properties are the characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition. • characteristics that are directly observable • Chemical properties are the characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy. • characteristics that describe the behavior of matter

11. Atoms in matter • Atoms are the building blocks of matter • An atom has three parts: • Proton = positive • Neutron = no charge • Electron = negative • The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. • The electrons orbit the nucleus.

12. Elements.. • Elements are the building blocks of all matter. • The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a little like the alphabet of chemistry. • The periodic table tells us several things… Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net

14. Periodic Table Atomic Number: Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. 8 O Element’s Symbol:An abbreviation for the element. Oxygen 16 Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: Number of protons + neutrons.

15. Metals Non-Metals • Solid at room temperature • Luster, means they are shiny • Ductile- can be drawn into wire • Malleable- hammered into sheets • High melting point • Very dense • Conductors of electricity and heat • Many are gases at room temperature • Dull in appearance- not shinny • Brittle so they break easily. Therefore nonmetals ARE NOT ductile ormalleable • Low melting point • Low density • Poor conductors of electricity and heat Types of Elements

16. Examples • Metals • Non-metals

17. Bonds of atoms • A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between the atoms. • Nonmetals • An ionic bond is non-sharing of electrons. • Atoms can be gained by others. • Nonmetals and Metals