How does Geography impact people’s lives? (5 lines in 5 minutes)

1. How does Geography impact people’s lives? (5 lines in 5 minutes) Examine this satellite photo of the Indian subcontinent. In your notebook, describe how the geography of India impacts peoples’ lives.

3. Section 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Today’s Task – Read and Complete Cornell Notes The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. Pages 44 - 49 NEXT

4. Cornell Note-Taking System

5. Geography of India • India is so huge that many geographers call it a subcontinent! • What is a subcontinent? (A large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent) • Sub continents are usually separated from the rest of their continent by physical features: mountains, lakes, etc.

6. The Himalayas Mt. Everest • Mountains separate India from the rest of Asia. • The Himalayas are the tallest mountains on all continents. Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain, 29,029 ft. • They are still growing around 5 mm. every year.

7. How were the Himalayas formed? • Plate tectonics!!!!! • Himalayas are the youngest mountain range on Earth. • There are over 100 separate mountains in the range. • In 10 million years, the mountain range will have pushed almost a mile further into Asia!!!!

8. Mt. Everest Trivia • First to the top: Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay of Nepal, in May of 1953. • Over 6,000 people have reached the summit • 200 people have lost their lives on the mountain.

9. More Himalaya Trivia • K2 is the second highest mountain, 28,251 ft. Its summit was first reached in July of 1954, by a team of Italian mountain climbers. It is located in Karakoram, near the border of Pakistan.

10. More Himalayas

11. Geography of India – the Himalayas India is so big it is considered a subcontinent which is a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent What is a subcontinent? • Himalaya Mountains separate India from the rest of Asia. • They are the tallest mountains on all continents. Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain, 29,029 ft. What are the Himalaya mountains? India is such a large land mass it is considered a subcontinent. The Himalaya mountains serve as a natural barrier separating India from the rest of Asia.

12. Much of India is covered with fertile plains, rugged mountains, and plateaus. Geography Deccan Plateau Hindu Kush Mountains And Indus River Fertile farmland

13. Climate • Most of India has a hot and humid climate. This climate is heavily influenced by India’s summer monsoons. • What is a monsoon? (check your book) • Some parts of India receive 100 to 200 inches of rain each season! Flooded farmlands

14. Source of the Ganges, The Himalayas The Ganges Delta Ganges River is very sacredto the people of India. Snakes its way to The Bay Of Bengal Very Sacred For Hindus

15. Indus River Valley • The Indus River was once a part of India. Today this region is now located in the country of Pakistan. • It is believed that one of the first civilizations began in this river valley, around 2300 BC.

16. Geography and Climate Much of India is covered with fertile plains, rugged mountains, and plateaus. What are the main features of India’s geography? Most of India has a hot and humid climate. This climate is heavily influenced by India’s summer monsoons. Ganges River and Indus River Valley What is the climate of India? What are the two most important rivers in India? India has a very diverse geography including fertile plains, mountains and plateaus. The Indus and Ganges riverrs

17. The Harappan Civilization Public Well Ruins at Mohenjo Daro • Like other ancient societies, the Hapappan civilization grew as irrigation and agriculture improved. • Mohenjo Daro and Harappa were about 300 miles apart, but they were remarkably similar.

18. India’s First Cities Ruins Of Harappa • *Both Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were well planned cities.* • *We can infer from this that the people of these two cities are intelligent and talented.* These people had a public bath

19. Farming in the Indus Valley • *Make a prediction: Which of the following would most likely have happened if Indian farmers did not learn how to irrigate? • *Villages would not have grown along the river.

20. HarappanAchievements • Most houses had indoor plumbing. • They developed India’s first writing system. Scholars have not yet learned to read this language so much of their way of life is still a mystery. • They had kings and a strong central government.

21. Where did they go???? • Harappan civilization ended by the early 1700s BC. No one knows why! • Perhaps invaders, disease, natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods cause the demise of this civilization. Ancient Mohenjo Daro

22. Harappan Civilization An ancient Indian civilization that grew as irrigation and agriculture improved Who are the Harappan? Agriculture, Writing system, indoor plumbing, government, complex cities: Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro Unknown – Disease? Natural disaster? What were their achievements? Why did they disappear? The Harappan were an ancient civilization in India with a complex society including cities, government, and agriculture.

23. Aryan Invasion • Not long after the Harappan civilization crumbled, a new group, the Aryans from central Asia, invaded the Indus Valley. • They were skilled warriors, using chariots and advanced weapons.

24. The Vedas • *Much of what we know about the Aryans came from their poems, hymns, myths, rituals, and religious writings called theVedas. The Vedas were written by Aryan priests.

25. Sanskrit • What is Sanskrit? (check your book) • *The Aryans wrote their poems and hymns in Sanskrit. • Aryans kept records in Sanskrit and today we are able to know much about their history. • Sanskrit is no longer spoken. Only a few priests know this ancient language.

26. The Aryans • As nomads, the Aryans took along their herds of animals as they moved. • Unlike the Harappans, the Aryans built no cities. • They lived in small communities based on family ties. • Their community leader was called a raja.

27. Exit Slip: Two Sentence Summary • The earliest civilizations in India were centered in the Indus Valley. First the Harappans and then the Aryans lived in this fertile valley.