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A NEW LIFE IS WITHIN REACH

A NEW LIFE IS WITHIN REACH . ……HELP FOR THE DISABLED. One of the bionic prototypes. No one can guess which the artificial one is ?. INTRODUCTION : Belonging to the community of engineer there is no frontier that we cannot conquer.

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A NEW LIFE IS WITHIN REACH

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  1. A NEW LIFE IS WITHIN REACH ……HELP FOR THE DISABLED

  2. One of the bionic prototypes No one can guess which the artificial one is?

  3. INTRODUCTION : • Belonging to the community of engineer there is no • frontier that we cannot conquer. • If scientists give birth to ideas, then it is we engineers • who put life into those ideas. • When pressed with an engineering problem, humans often • draw guidance and inspiration from the natural world. • Bionics restores or reconstructs a damaged body.

  4. Although we cannot know for sure the extent to which • biological models inspired our early ancestors, more recent • examples of biomimetic designs are well documented. • For example, birds and bats played a central role in one of the • more triumphant feats of human engineering, the construction • of an airplane. • In the 16th century,Leonardoda Vinci sketched designs for • gliding and flapping machines based on his anatomical study • of birds.The wing warping mechanism that enabled Orville and • Wilbur Wright to steer their airplane past the cameras and into • the history books is said to have been inspired by watching • buzzards soar near their Ohio home.

  5. WHAT IS BIONICS? • BIONICS is a more recent endeavor involving interaction between the • Physical Sciences (Engineering, Mathematics, and Statistics) and Life • Sciences (Neuroscience, Psychology, Neurophysiology) • 2.It aims to understand the operation of the nervous system through the • use of techniques which include mathematical analysis of neural • signals, and modeling of the electrical activity in single neurons and • groups of neurons. • 3.The field is also referred to as Cognitive Neuroscience. • BIONICS aims to unravel the complex structure function relationships • of brains at all levels from molecule to behavior in an integrative effort • of many scientific disciplines. • 4.”It is these boundary regions of science which offer the richest • opportunities to the qualified investigator"  

  6. DEFINITION: • Bionics (also known as biomimetics, biognosis, • biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering) is the • application of biologicalmethods and systems found in • nature to the study and design of engineering systems and • modern ELECTRONICtechnology. • 2.The word as being formed from ("biology" + "electronics"). • 3.Thetransfer of technology between life forms and synthetic • constructs is, according to proponents of bionic technology, • desirable because evolutionary pressure typically forces • living organisms, including fauna and flora, to become • highly optimized and efficient.

  7. VISION TO CHALLENGED--BIONIC EYE:

  8. 1.The eye is a complex machine. It has more than 100 million • photoreceptors. "If we compare it to modern digital cameras, • for example, it will be 100 megapixels," Palanker said • duringan interview in the Hansen Experimental Physics • Laboratory."We buy cameras usually of three megapixels, • maybe four." 2. The bottom layer of photoreceptors is where rhodopsin--a protein pigment that converts light into an electrical signal--exists. 3. But as far as signal processing is concerned, the rubber meets the road where the signal enters the inner nuclear layer, which is populated with bipolar, amacrine and horizontal cells. 4.These three cellular workhorses process the signals and transfer them to the ganglion cell layer, or "output cascade" of nerves that deliver signal pulses to the brain.

  9. BIONIC EAR: • A bionic ear or cochlear implant is a type of device used to help those • with little or no hearing in both ears. • 2.This technology is used when normalhearing aids are not useful to • the patient. • 3.The cochlear implant produces hearing sensations by electrically • stimulating the nerves inside the ear. • 4. The bionic ear has two components,one being internal and the other • being external. The internal device consists of the receiver-stimulator, • the antenna, and the 22-electrode array. The external device consists • of the speech processor, the microphone,and the transmitting coil. • 5.The internal device is placed underneath the skin while the 22-electrode • array is wired through the cochlea of the inner, and placed on individual • hair cells, and the ball electrode is placed underneath the muscle tissue • surrounding the ear. • 6.The cochlea, mentioned above, is a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear • structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and • cause a nerve impulse to form.

  10. 7.The antenna of the internal device is used to receive signals from the • external device, while the receiver-stimulator regulates electrical • impulses sent into the ear. • 8.The external device is worn as a headset and the speech processor is • held in a pouch or on the patient’s belt.

  11. BIONIC I-LIMB HAND: The i-LIMB Hand relies on some of the most Advanced control software yet seen in the Prosthetics industry. • The Touch Bionics’ i-LIMB Hand was developed using leading-edge • mechanical engineering techniques. • 2.The inclusion of a thumb that can, like the human thumb, be rotated • into different positions enables important grip configurations, many of • which have not been available to amputees before. • .

  12. BEST FEATURES OF I- LIMB:- • Patent-pending vari-grip mode, allowing variable digit-by-digit grip strength. • Gesture selection allows users to create custom gestures. • Upgraded biosim-i and biosim-pro control software, with powerful new features • Auto grasp feature to prevent objects slipping. • Hand automatically moves to a natural position after period of inactivity. • Low battery warning audio signal • Power management, extending daily battery usage by 25%. • 2-year standard warranty electronically.

  13. KEY GRIP: • Where the thumb closes down onto the side of the • index finger. • 2.This grip is used to hold items such as a plate or a • business card. • 3.The addition of wrist rotation enables the patient to • turn a key in a lock in a totally human way.

  14. POWER GRIP: 1.Where all fingers and the thumb close down together to create a full-wrap grip. • 2.This grip would be used to hold a can of drink whilst • opening the ring-pull, for example, and for carrying • large objects such as a briefcase and/or shopping bag.

  15. PRECISION GRIP: • Where the index finger and thumb meet (or index finger, • middle finger and thumb meet) in order to pick-up small • objects • 2.To hold objects when performing finer control tasks.

  16. BIONIC HEART: • It is a small, battery operated device, miniature electrical generator • that helps the heart beat to regulate rhythm. • It consists of battery that remains for number of years and a  • computer circuit encased in plastic. They can replace defective  • natural pacemakers and blocked pathway.

  17. Features of a pacemaker :- • Generates tiny impulses to the heart and regulates rhythmof the • heart beat while a doctor controls the software. • A pacemaker uses batteries to send electrical impulses tothe • heart to help it pump properly. An electrode is placed next to • the heart wall and small electrical charges travel through the • wire to the heart. • They have a sensing device. It turns the signal off when the • heartbeat is above a certain level. It turns the signal back on when • the heartbeat is too slow.

  18. BIONIC BRAIN OFFERS HIGH HOPES TO PARALYZED PEOPLE • Door to a whole new kind of neurotechnology that will provide new • opportunities for those who have paralysis or other movement • disorders," author John Donoghue stated.

  19. 2.This software provides speed and grip-strength control to the device • while patients generate • 3.Signals to control the device in a way that does not differ from how • traditional devices operated in the past. Two small metal electrodes • are placed against the skin to pick up signals. • 4.Traditionally one electrode is placed on the top of the forearm and the • other on the bottom - both are normally located within the socket. • 5.Patients usually have a sensation that their hand still exists despite it • being amputated, something often referred to as ‘phantom’ feelings. • 6.When encouraged to generate a strong signal, the patient is often asked • to move and flex their missing hand to generate a strong control signal. • Before too long, these reflexes become intuitive. • 7.Feedback from early patient studies identified that control software • adjustments can allow patients to perform simple tasks and improve • functionality.

  20. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT & CONCLUSION: • Today, we talk of artificial intelligence that has created • waves of interest in the field of robotics. • When this has been possible, why not artificial man? • It is with thisdream that I present this paper on Bionics. • In the quest for perfection, man is trying his best todevelop biological systems with engineering • precision, and somewhere in the near future wecould have a truly bionic (artificial) man. • Thegood thing is that this could help the disabled andthe ailing in a great way FUTURE BIONIC MAN

  21. REFERENCES: • Computational Neuroscience by Eric L.Schwartz, Theoretical • Neuroscience by Peter Dayan, L.F.Abott. • Nachtigall W., “Bionic”, 2nd ed., Berlin – New York • Ellenrieder G., “Mercedes-Benz bionic car” • www.biomed.drexel.edu • http://www.biokon.net • http://www.unisaarland. www.physorg.com/news3592.html

  22. Thank You..

  23. ANY QUERIES ????

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