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Review

Review. Acids, Bases and Salts HW. Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin Article Aqueous Acid Base – Titration Lab - Neutralization. stomach acid, pickling metal battery acid, # 1 selling chemical food flavoring

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Review

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  1. Review

  2. Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin Article Aqueous Acid Base – Titration Lab - Neutralization

  3. stomach acid, pickling metal battery acid, # 1 selling chemical food flavoring fertilizer, explosives vinegar etch glass Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Acetic acid Hydrofluoric acid HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 HNO3 CH3COOH HF NaOH Ca(OH)2 NH4OH calcium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide sodium hydroxide

  4. Soren Sorenson developed pH scale 7 neutral 0 14 pH scale [H+] = [OH-] acid base (alkalinity) Arnold Beckman invented the pH meter pH = -log [H+] pOH = -log [OH-] H+ + H2O H3O+ pH + pOH = 14 proton hydronium ion kW = [H+] [OH-] kw = 1 x 10-14

  5. Concentrated vs. Dilute Concentration: Molarity molality Normality mol mol M = m = L kg H2SO4 2 H1+ + SO42- “6 M” 3 M

  6. [Product] Ka = [Reactant] [H+]2 [A-] Ka = [H2A] Strong / Weak Acid (~100% dissociation) Strong HA H+ + A- (~20% dissociation) Weak HA H+ + A- H2A 2 H+ + A- acid dissociation constant Ka 0.8 H3PO4 3H+ + PO43- 0.0021 HF H+ + F-

  7. Acid + Base Salt + Water + CaSO4 How would you make calcium sulfate in the lab? H2SO4 ? Ca(OH)2 ? + 2 H2O BASE ACID bitter taste, litmus blue Sour taste, litmus red Arrhenius – OH- as only ion in water Arrhenius – H+ as only ion in water Bronsted-Lowry – proton acceptor Bronsted-Lowry – proton donor

  8. colorless pink phenolphthalein strong weak acid base yellowblue bromthymol blue strong acid base strong ROYGBIV universal indicator pH 4 7 12 Indicators litmus paper & pH paper

  9. Buffers - salts of weak acids and weak bases that maintain a pH e.g. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) vs. Bufferin low pH upsets stomach LeChatelier’s Principle • acidosis & alkalosis (bicarbonate ion acts as buffer) • darkening glasses • egg shells thinner in summer (warm) http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

  10. Video - Future of the Past Video:  The Future of the Past Video:  The Future of the Past http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

  11. Acid – Base Concentrations 10-1 pH = 3 pH = 11 OH- H3O+ pH = 7 10-7 concentration (moles/L) H3O+ OH- OH- H3O+ 10-14 [H3O+]<[OH-] [H3O+]>[OH-] [H3O+]=[OH-] acidic solution neutral solution basic solution Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 332

  12. H : 1+ N H H H Amino Acids – Functional Groups Amine Base Pair Carboxylic Acid R- COOH NH21- lose H+ H+ NH21- NH3 NH41+ amine ammonia ammonium ion : : 1- N N : H H H H H

  13. H+ d+ O2- H+ d- Amino Acids – Functional Groups Amine Base Pair Carboxylic Acid R- COOH NH21- http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg

  14. H : 1+ N H H H Water – Amphiprotic lose H+ H+ OH1- H2O H3O1+ hydroxide water hydronium ion : : 1- N N : H H H H H

  15. H+ d+ O2- H+ d- Water – Also Amphiprotic Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor) lose H+ H+ OH1- H2O H3O1+ hydroxide water hydronium ion

  16. H+ d+ O2- H+ d- Amino Acids – Functional Groups Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor) lose H+ H+ OH1- H2O H3O1+ hydroxide water hydronium ion http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg

  17. Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base Indicators pH Scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Indicators Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0

  18. Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base Indicators pH Scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Indicators Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow Phenolphthalein colorless8.0 10.0 redcolorless beyond 13.0

  19. pH Paper pH Paper pH Paper pH Paper pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

  20. Amphoteric

  21. Neutralization of Bug Bites Red Ant - bites with acid Wasp - stings with base (neutralize with baking soda) (neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)

  22. Resources - Acids and Bases Objectives Worksheet - vocabulary Video (VHS) - future of the past Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations Outline - abcd Worksheet - practice problems (key) Worksheet - efg hijk Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium Worksheet - lmnop Worksheet - weak acid, pKa Worksheet - qrs tuv Article - aspirin Worksheet - wx yz Lab - synthesis of aspirin Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration Lab - titration Outline(general)

  23. - + Strength • Strong Acid/Base • 100% ionized in water • strong electrolyte HCl HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI HClO4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  24. - + Strength • Weak Acid/Base • does not ionize completely • weak electrolyte HF CH3COOH H3PO4 H2CO3 HCN NH3 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  25. H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- Ionization of Water Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0  10-14 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  26. Ionization of Water • Find the hydroxide ion concentration of 3.0  10-2 M HCl. [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0  10-14 [3.0  10-2][OH-] = 1.0  10-14 [OH-] = 3.3  10-13 M Acidic or basic? Acidic Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  27. pouvoir hydrogène (Fr.) “hydrogen power” pH Scale 14 0 7 INCREASING BASICITY INCREASING ACIDITY NEUTRAL pH = -log[H3O+] Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  28. pH Scale pH = -log[H3O+] pOH = -log[OH-] pH + pOH = 14 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  29. pH Scale • What is the pH of 0.050 M HNO3? pH = -log[H3O+] pH = -log[0.050] pH = 1.3 Acidic or basic? Acidic Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  30. pH Scale • What is the molarity of HBr in a solution that has a pOH of 9.6? pH + pOH = 14 pH + 9.6 = 14 pH = 4.4 pH = -log[H3O+] 4.4 = -log[H3O+] -4.4 = log[H3O+] [H3O+] = 4.0  10-5 M HBr Acidic Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  31. Resources - Acids and Bases Objectives Worksheet - vocabulary Video (VHS) - future of the past Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations Outline - abcd Worksheet - practice problems (key) Worksheet - efg hijk Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium Worksheet - lmnop Worksheet - weak acid, pKa Worksheet - qrs tuv Article - aspirin Worksheet - wx yz Lab - synthesis of aspirin Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration Lab - titration Outline(general)

  32. Buffers

  33. Aspirin Article Aspirin Article questions Aspirin Article questions http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

  34. Aspirin Synthesis Lab http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

  35. Swimming Pool

  36. Swimming Pool

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