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Intro to Comp Systems

Intro to Comp Systems. Booting Up BIOS, CMOS & POST. POST. P ower O n S elf T est. To complete POST, a PC must have working CPU, video card and RAM. Beeps are used in POST to communicate success or failure. Some beep codes are common and others are unique to that specific motherboard.

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Intro to Comp Systems

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  1. Intro to Comp Systems Booting UpBIOS, CMOS & POST

  2. POST • Power • On • Self • Test • To complete POST, a PC must have working CPU, video card and RAM. • Beeps are used in POST to communicate success or failure. • Some beep codes are common and others are unique to that specific motherboard

  3. BIOS software – aka “firmware” NOT Built In Operating System • Basic • Input • Output • System • Flash BIOS means that the BIOS has been recorded on a rewriteable memory chip and can be updated if necessary. • Job is to load the OS – this is where the CPU gets the first instructions when the PC is powering up.

  4. Functions of BIOS • Performs the Power On Self Test (POST) • Activates other BIOS chips on different cards installed in the computer • Contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial ports, etc. • Detects PnP devices and loads device drivers for some peripherals (display, NIC, keyboard)

  5. Sequence of BIOS Operations • Turn on Power • BIOS loads into CPU • Performs (POST) • BIOS detects PnP components • Checks CMOS for custom settings • Goes to MBR (Master Boot Record) to determine where OS is kept • Loads Operating System • Opens up GUI

  6. Cold Boot and Warm Boot Cold boot • Sequence used when PC is powered on from an OFF condition. • POST sequence runs Warm boot • Performed when system is already powered on. • Performed when the system is restarted with restart button or CTRL+ALT+DEL keys. • POST sequence is skipped

  7. What is CMOS? • Stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor • Maintained by a battery • Stores info from Config Setup - hardware configuration and customized settings • Maintains internal clock, controls how fast the computer reads from memory, etc. Don’t need to know this – just interesting!

  8. Resources for components • To talk to the CPU, each component needs a group of ID numbers: • IRQ = Interrupt Request – the device sends a signal asking for attention and the CPU looks at the IRQ number to see which device is signaling. • I/O addresses:each device has it’s own unique identifier so that the CPU can call it or send it instructions. • DMA Channel:“direct memory access channel” – a shortcut lane that allows an I/O device to send data directly to memory, bypassing the CPU.

  9. Configuration Setup Program Config setup is needed when: • Installing or changing hardware on a system • Change the system start-up boot sequence – where to look for the OS • Managing resource conflicts • Improving the behavior of a computer

  10. CMOS vs. BIOS • BIOS refers to firmware instructions that are located on the BIOS ROM • CMOS refers to low-power RAM that holds the system's setup parameters

  11. Practice • Complete Booting & Troubleshooting worksheet • Read Troubleshooting Codes • Complete Troubleshooting Worksheet

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