Intro. To Information Systems-I

1. Intro. To Information Systems-I • System:- A System is defined a set of interrelated components with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives • System have Basic Three Functions :- • Input :- It involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For Ex. Raw Material • Processing :- Involves transformation processes that convert input into output. • Output:- Involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination.

2. Information System :- An Information System can be any organized combination of People, hardware, software, communication networks and data resources that stores and retrieves, transforms in an organization. People have relied on Information system to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices (Hardware), information processing instructions and procedures (Software), communication channels (Networks) and store data.

3. Information Technologies :- • Computer Hardware Technologies :- Including Microcomputers, midsize servers and large mainframe system, and the input, output, and storage devices that support them. 2)Computer Software Technologies:- including operating system software, Web browsers software productivity suites, and software for business application like customer relationship management and supply chain management. 3) Telecommunication Network Technologies :- including the telecommunication media, processors and software needed to provide wire-based and wireless access and support for the Internet and private Internet-based networks such as intranets and extranets. 4) Data Resource Management Technologies :- Including database management system software for the development, access and maintenance of the database of an organization.

4. Importance of Information Systems :- • A Major functional area of business equally as important to business success as the functions of accounting, finance operations management, marketing and Human Resource Management. • An Important contributor to operational efficiency, employee productivity and morals and customer service and satisfaction. • A Major source of information and support needed to promote effective decision making by managers and business professionals. • It help in developing competitive products and services that give an organization a strategic advantage in the global market place. • Its providing Dynamic and challenging career opportunity for millions of men and women. • A key component of the resources, infrastructure and for today’s network business enterprise.

5. Areas of Information System Framework Knowledge :- Following Five Areas of IS Framework for Business Knowledge. • Foundation Concepts :- It includes basic information system concepts derived from general systems theory or competitive strategy, concepts used to develop business applications of information technology for competitive advantage. 2. Information Technologies :- major concept, developments and management issues in information technology-that is hardware , software, networks, data resource management and many internet-based technologies.

6. 3. Business application: - The major use of information system for the operations, Management, and competitive advantage of e-business enterprise, including Electronic business, commerce, collaboration and decision making using the Internet, intranet, and extranet. 4. Development processes: how business professional and information specialist plan, develop and implement information systems to meet e-business opportunities using several strategic planning and application development approaches. 5. Management challenges: the challenges of effectively and ethically managing e-business technologies, strategic and security at the end users, enterprise and global level of business.

7. Difference between Information System and Information Technology :- • Information system A system of functions concerning the acquisition and transfer of information, the carriers of which can be biological, personal, social or technical units. An information system is dedicated to a certain kind of information (topic), even if this may be a very broad one. It has always the purpose of providing information to a user or a group of users. In most cases a storage device is part of an information system. • Information technology Technology dealing with information processing, storage, and transmission. This includes in particular computer technology and the different communication technologies (electronic, radio wave, optical etc.).

8. Types of Information System :-- Types of Information System can be classified as either Operations or Management Support Systems. • Operations Support Systems :- • Transaction Processing Systems • Process Control Systems • Enterprise Collaboration Systems • Management Support Systems:- • Management Information Systems • Decision Support Systems • Executive Information Systems

9. Operation Support Systems :-- 1.Transaction Processing Systems:- Process data resulting from business transactions, update operational databases, and produce business documents. Sales and Inventory and accounting systems. TPS provide the basic input to the company's database. A failure in the TPS often means disaster for the organization. Imagine what happens when the reservation system of AIR INDIA Airlines fails: all operations stop, no transactions can be carried out until the system is up again. Long queues form in front of ATMs and tellers when a bank's TPS crashes.

10. 2. Process Control Systems :- Process Control Systems monitor and control physical processes. For Ex. Petroleum refining, Power generation etc.. 3. Enterprise Collaborative Systems :- It enhances team and work group communications and productivity and include application that are some times called office automation Systems. For Ex. Knowledge workers in a project team may use e-mail to send and receive e-message or use video conferencing to hold electronic meetings to coordinate their activities.

11. Management Support Systems :- It provides information and support for decision making to managers. • Management Information Systems :- MIS provide information in the form of reports and display to managers and many business professionals. Provide Information in the form of Pre-specified reports and displays to support business decision making. Ex. Sales Analysis, Production Performance. • Decision Support Systems:- Provide Interactive ad hoc support for the decision making processes of managers and other business professionals. Ex: Product Pricing, Profitability Forecasting.

12. 3. Executive Information Systems :- (EIS) provide a generalized computing and communication environment to senior managers to support strategic decisions. EIS are designed to facilitate senior managers‘ access to information quickly and effectively’. Ex: System for Easy access to analyses of business performance, action of Competitors.

13. Information System Data Pyramid :-

14. Information System Activities :-- It Contains following Activities • Input • Processing • Output • Storage • Control

15. 1. Input :-- Data about business transactions and other events must be captured and prepared for processing by the Input activity. Input typically takes the form of Data entry activities such as recording and editing. End users usually enter data directly into a computer system or record data about transactions on some type of physical medium such as a paper form. Once entered, data may be transferred onto a machine-read able medium. Ex: Optical Scanning of bar-coded tags on merchandise

16. 2. Processing :-- Data are typically subjected to Processing activities, such as calculating, comparing, sorting, classifying and summarizing. These activities organize, analyze, and manipulate data thus converting them into information for end users. The quality of any data stored in an information system also must be maintained by a continual process of correcting and updating activities. Ex: Calculating employee pay, taxes, and other payroll deductions.

17. 3.Output :-- Information in various formats is transmitted to end users and made available to them in the Output activity. The goal of information systems is the production of appropriate Information products for end users. Common information products include messages, reports, forms, and graphic images which may be provided by video displays, audio responses, paper products, and multimedia. Ex: Producing reports and displays about sales performance.

18. 4. Storage :- Storage is a basic system component of information systems. Storage is the information system activity in which data are retained in an organized manner for later use. Store data are commonly organized into a variety of data elements and databases. This organization facilitates their later use in processing or retrieval as output when needed by users of a system. Ex: Maintaining records on customers, employees and products.

19. 5. Control of System Performance :-- An important information system activity is the control of system performance. An information system should produce feedback about its input, processing, output and storage activities.This feed back must be monitored and evaluated to determine if the system is meeting established performance standards. Then appropriate system activities must be adjusted so that proper information products are produced for end users.