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EDD 5229 Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society Lecture 1

EDD 5229 Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society Lecture 1 Relating Liberal Studies to Knowledge Society: A Sociology-of-curriculum Perspective. Wing-kwong Tsang Ho Tim Bldg. Rm 416 Ext. 6922 wktsang@cuhk.edu.hk WWW.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~wktsang.

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EDD 5229 Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society Lecture 1

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  1. EDD 5229 • Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society • Lecture 1 • Relating Liberal Studies to Knowledge Society: • A Sociology-of-curriculum Perspective Wing-kwong Tsang Ho Tim Bldg. Rm 416 Ext. 6922 wktsang@cuhk.edu.hk WWW.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~wktsang

  2. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Sixth-form education reform • 1982; Llewellyn Report (Report by a Visiting Panel) proposed to set up a working group to review the education and organization of the Form 6 and 7

  3. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Sixth-form education reform • 1982; Llewellyn Report (Report by a Visiting Panel) proposed to set up a working group to review the education and organization of the Form 6 and 7 • 1986; Education Commission Report No. 2 proposed to reform the Sixth-form curriculum by retaining the two-year Advanced (A) Level examination, to abolish the one-year Higher (H) Level examination, and to create the Intermediate (I) Level.

  4. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Sixth-form education reform • 1982; Llewellyn Report (Report by a Visiting Panel) proposed to set up a working group to review the education and organization of the Form 6 and 7 • 1986; Education Commission Report No. 2 proposed to reform the Sixth-form curriculum by retaining the two-year Advanced (A) Level examination, to abolish the one-year Higher (H) Level examination, and to create the Intermediate (I) Level. • 1989; Report of the Sixth-Form Work Group proposed to set an Intermediate Level subject called Social and Human Subject

  5. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Sixth-form education reform • 1992; Liberal Studies at Advanced-Supplementary Level was offered in Sixth-form to prepare students to sit for the 1994 AS Level examination. • In 1994, a total of 886 students sat for the Liberal Studies AS Level examination. In the mean time, all the local universities refused to take Liberal Studies as a required subject in their admission of their degree-programs. • Through out the years, Liberal Studies in AS-Level examination has remained an unpopular subject. In 2004, only 1,279 students sat for LS AS-level.

  6. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Sixth-form education reform • Through out the years, Liberal Studies in AS Level examination has remained an unpopular subject. In 2004, only 1,279 students sat for LS AS-level.

  7. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Liberal Studies as core subject in new Senior Secondary Curriculum in the 334 Education Reform • In 2004; EMB published the consultation document entitled Reforming the Academic Structure for Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education, in which Liberal Studies was proposed to be one of the four core subjects in the new senior-secondary curriculum.

  8. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Liberal Studies as core subject in new Senior Secondary Curriculum in the 334 Education Reform • In 2004; EMB published the consultation document entitled Reforming the Academic Structure for Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education, in which Liberal Studies was proposed to be one of the four core subjects in the new senior-secondary curriculum. • The proposal was subsequently accepted in the EMB policy document in 2005. However, the syllabus of LS has been substantially scaled down.

  9. Final Version 1st Draft

  10. The Development of Liberal Studies in Post-Compulsory Education of HK • Liberal Studies as core subject in new Senior Secondary Curriculum in the 334 Education Reform • In 2004; EMB published the consultation document entitled Reforming the Academic Structure for Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education, in which Liberal Studies was proposed to be one of the four core subjects in the new senior-secondary curriculum. • The proposal was subsequently accepted in the EMB policy document in 2005. However, the syllabus of LS has been substantially scaled down. • In the school-year 2009-10, Liberal Studies will be taken as one of the core subjects by all senior secondary students in HKSAR. They will sit for Senior-Secondary Education Examination in 2012.

  11. Locating the Liberal Studies in Perspective: The Perspective of Sociology of Curriculum • Statement of the problem: Why a particular school subject such as Liberal Studies rises to such a prominent position in the new Senior Secondary Curriculum at this point in time in HKSAR society?

  12. Locating the Liberal Studies in Perspective: The Perspective of Sociology of Curriculum • Knowledge and Control (1970): Perspective of Sociology of curriculum emerged in 1970s • “Formal educational knowledge can be considered to be realized through three message systems: curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation. Curriculum defined what counts as valid knowledge, pedagogy defines what counts as a valid transmission of knowledge, and evaluation defines what counts as a valid realization of this knowledge on the part of the taught.” (Bernstein, 1970, p.74) • “How a society selects, classifies, distributes, transmits and evaluates the educational knowledge it considers to be public, reflects both the distribution of power and the principles of social control. From this point of view, differences within and changes in the organization, transmission and evaluation of educational knowledge should be a major area of sociological interest.” (Bernstein, 1970, p.74)

  13. Locating the Liberal Studies in Perspective: The Perspective of Sociology of Curriculum • Critical sociology of education: Perspectives constituted in the US in 1980s “A critical sociology of curriculum … called into question the production, organization, transmission, stratification, allocation and evaluation of knowledge with schools. And in doing so, it made school knowledge problematic. …This problematic can be characterized by a series of questions that became the basis for a new model for educational theory and research.

  14. Locating the Liberal Studies in Perspective: The Perspective of Sociology of Curriculum • Critical sociology of education: Perspectives constituted in the US in 1980s They included: • What counts as school knowledge? • How is school knowledge organized? • What are the underlying codes that structure such knowledge? • How is what counts as school knowledge transmitted? • How is access to such knowledge determined? • What kind of cultural system does school knowledge legitimate? • Whose interests are served by the production and legitimation of school knowledge? (Giroux, 1985, p. 145, my numbering)

  15. Locating the Liberal Studies in Perspective: The Perspective of Sociology of Curriculum • The Curriculum of the Future (1998): Perspectives for the knowledge society “It was argued that current economic changes could provide the basis for a very different curriculum for the future. Such a curriculum, it is suggested, would need to build on and give specificity to the principles of • breadth and flexibility • connections between both core and specialist studies and general (academic) and applied (vocational) studies • opportunities for progression and credit transfer • a clear sense of the purpose of the curriculum as a whole.” (Young, 1998, p.79)

  16. Locating the Liberal Studies in Context: Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society • From Industrial society to knowledge society • From Fordist-industrial economy to Flexible-knowledge economy • From industrial society to knowledge society • Educational changes in knowledge society • Divisive specialization by discipline in industrial society • Flexible and connective specialization by module and task in knowledge society

  17. Locating the Liberal Studies in Context: Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society • The relative definitive features of Liberal Studies

  18. Locating the Liberal Studies in Context: Liberal Studies in Knowledge Society • Liberal studies in the Senior Secondary Curriculum (SSC) of HKSAR • Liberal Studies in contrast with all the discipline-based traditional school subjects in SSC • Liberal Studies as a core subjects in contrast with all the discipline-based traditional subjects relegated to elected subjects in SSC • Delivering Liberal Studies in HK secondary school context, which organizes teaching in divisive-specialization and discipline-based curricular structure • Implementing Liberal Studies in SSC, which is organized in academic/vocation division and discipline-based structure.

  19. Lecture 1 • Relating Liberal Studies to Knowledge Society: • A Sociology-of-curriculum Perspective • The End of • The Beginning

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