Leaves

2. Leaves

3. Palmately simple leaf. Perfoliate leaves Alternate leaf arrangement Whorled leaf

4. Alternate leaves Peltate leaves Alternate leaves Perfoliate leaves

5. Pinnately compound leaves Bipinnately compound leaves Pinnately compound leaves Pinnately compound leaves

6. Pinnately compound leaves Perfoliate leaves

7. Flower

8. Simple umbel Simple umble

9. Simple umbel Panicle Simple umbel

10. Fern

12. Frond The coiled “fiddlehead” of fern leaves are rooled-up leaf buds. Fiddleheads are formed by a pattern of growth called circinate vernation, as shown in this Blechnum fern.

13. Fern sporangia . Most ferns have sporangia aggregated into clusters, called sori, on the undersides of the leaves.

14. In some ferns, such as the marginal wood fern (Dryopteris marginalis), each sorus is covered by a flap of leaf tissue called an indusium.

17. epiphyte Grows upon another plant (such as tree) non-parasitically or sometimes upon other objects ( such as a building or telegraph wire). Derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it.

18. Equisetum (Equisitophyta) Its stem is the dominant photosynthetic organ of the plant body. The conspicuous feature of the stem is the series of joints formed by a whorl of small leaves. The leaves are fused along most of the length of the stem, but their brown tips give the appearance of a collar around the stem at the joints.

20. Strobili, or cones, are aggregations of closely packed sporangium-bearing branches or leaves.

21. Bryophyte

23. Gemmae cup This is a type of thallose liverwort. During sexual reproduction, spores produced in the capsule germinate to form independent male and female gametophytes. Marchantia also reproduces asexually by fragmentation and gemmae.

24. Gymnosperm

25. Pinophyta (common name: conifers) • The leaves are scale-like. • No fascicles.

27. Carnivorous plantPeriukkera Nephenthes sp.

28. Derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoan, typically insects and other arthropod.

29. Carnivorous plants appear to adapt and grow in places where the soil is low in nutrients.

30. Male part of Nepenthes sp. Female part of Nepenthes sp.

31. Periukkera