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Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering. Nikhil Bagadia, Jason Berta, and David Manthei Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison March 19, 2001. Outline. Engineering in general Biomedical engineering in particular Our design project Advice Resources Questions.

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Biomedical Engineering

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  1. Biomedical Engineering Nikhil Bagadia, Jason Berta, and David Manthei Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison March 19, 2001

  2. Outline • Engineering in general • Biomedical engineering in particular • Our design project • Advice • Resources • Questions

  3. What is Engineering? • The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems [American, 2000] • A way of thinking • Problem solving using critical thinking skills and a logical approach • Requires solid fundamentals and creativity

  4. Types of Engineering • All nerds are not the same… [Enser, 2002]

  5. Mechanical Engineering • Design and build…everything • Engines • Hydraulic lifts • Air conditioners, etc. • Work at: • Harley-Davidson • Briggs & Stratton • Millions of other companies

  6. Electrical Engineering • Design circuitry systems for: • Computers • Stereo equipment • Sensors and signals • Anything electronic... • Work at: • IBM • Intel • Millions of other companies

  7. Chemical Engineering • Develop the systems to mass-produce chemicals • Work at: • 3M • DuPont • Dutch Boy • Millions of other companies

  8. Civil Engineering • Design and build structures: • Bridges • Roads • Infrastructure • Buildings, etc. • Work for: • The Government • Independent firms

  9. Other Engineering Disciplines • Nuclear • Aerospace • Geological • Industrial, etc.

  10. Biomedical Engineering • Application of engineering concepts to life sciences

  11. Biomedical Engineering Specializations • Bioinstrumentation • Biomaterials • Tissue engineering • Rehabilitation engineering • Biomolecular engineering • Systems engineering • Radiological engineering

  12. Biomechanics • What is mechanics? • That science, or branch of applied mathematics, which treats of the action of forces on bodies [Webster’s, 1998]

  13. BME DesignSequence at UW • Six semesters of design • “Real-world” projects • Previous projects: • Modified crutch design • Thermal probe, etc. • Current projects can be found at: http://www.cae.wisc.edu/~bmedesign

  14. Problem #1 • Brookfield East has built an amusement park. The main attraction is the 600’ slide (with a steep angle) shown below:

  15. Problem #2 • Hot lunch thieves

  16. Problem #3 • Hookey

  17. The Design Process • Problem definitionidentify/understand • Design contraints • Preliminary design ideasbrainstorming • Choose single design to pursuebest option • Design detailing • Evaluate design • Prototypebuild, test, evaluate • Beyondpatent, commercialization

  18. The Redesign of a Ski-Binding System to Reduce the Incidence and/or Grade of Knee Injuries Nikhil Bagadia, Jason Berta, James Burke, and David Manthei BME 402 March 19, 2002

  19. Another Outline • Background • The knee • The components of a ski • Design constraints • Alternatives • The design • Future direction

  20. Background • Pre-1980: ankle injuries dominate skiing • Low-cut boots • Advancements reduced ankle injuries • High-backed boots • Same advancements increased knee injuries from 3% to 20%

  21. The Knee [Marieb et al., 2001]

  22. Background (cont’d)... • Most debilitating knee injury: ACL • 20% of all skiing injuries • 20,000 per year in the United States [Siliski, 1994]

  23. Background (cont’d)... • Key injury mechanism: rotation [Feagin, 1994]

  24. The Phantom Foot [Elmqvist and Johnson, 1994]

  25. The Ski • Components: • Ski • Boot • Binding • How it works: • All or nothing • Do not address rotational injuries effectively [Salomon, 2001]

  26. Problem Statement In order to reduce the incidence and/or grade of ski-related knee injuries, we are designing an addendum for the ski-binding system which will allow a calculated degree of lateral movement

  27. Design Constraints Performance vs. Safety

  28. Alternatives • Electromechanical ski binding • Changes released settings based on muscle activity • Too complex

  29. The Design Mesoplate

  30. The Design (cont’d)...

  31. The Design (cont’d)...

  32. Advantages • Simple concept • Purely mechanical • Robust • Combats a very common skiing reality • Problem not being adequately addressed • Nothing like this is available • Wide appeal

  33. Future Direction • Fully-functional prototype • Testing • Torque tests, release scenarios, skiing with device • Patent • Business model • Market evaluation, OIM issues, marketing strategy, capital generation

  34. Advice • Understand engineering before entering • Know options eg. ECE w/ biological focus • Talk to a lot of people advisors and older students • Get close to at least 1 professor do research • Intern or coop • Develop other skills especially communication and people skills

  35. Advice (cont’d)… • Learn to work well in teams understand peoples’ strong points and accentuate • Jobs are tougher to find with this major

  36. Resources • See handouts

  37. Questions???

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