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CITRIC ACID. CITRIC ACID. OH. O ║. O ║. OH – C – CH 2 – C – CH 2 – C – OH . O ║ HO – C . 2 – hydroxy – 1,2,3 – propanetricarboxylic acid . CARBOXYLIC ACID. DEFINITION.
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CITRIC ACID OH O ║ O ║ OH– C – CH2 – C – CH2 – C – OH O ║ HO – C 2 – hydroxy – 1,2,3 – propanetricarboxylic acid
DEFINITION • Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a CARBOXYL GROUP, which has the formula -C(=O)OH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H.
OXIDATION of ALDEHYDE gen. formula K2Cr2O7 1ᵒ Alcohol -----→ ALDEHYDE + H2O KMnO4 (O) CARBOXYLIC ACID
EXAMPLE ETHANAL O ║ K2Cr2O7 CH3 – CH2 – OH CH3 – C – H + H2O (O) (O) CH3 – C – OH O ║ ETHANOIC ACID
FORMIC ACID O ║ H – C – OH methanoic acid
MALONIC/MALIC ACID O ║ O ║ HO – C – CH2 – C – OH propanedioic acid
OXALIC ACID O ║ O ║ HO – C – C – OH ethanedioic acid
ARACHIDIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)18 – C – OH ICOSANOIC acid
CITRIC ACID OH O ║ O ║ OH– C – CH2 – C – CH2 – C – OH O ║ HO – C 2 – hydroxy – 1,2,3 – propanetricarboxylic acid
OLEIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)7 – CH=CH – (CH2)7 – C – OH OLIVES
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LAURIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)10 – C – OH DODECANOIC acid
STEARIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)16 – C – OH OCTADECANOIC acid
ACETIC ACID O ║ CH3 – C – OH ethanoic acid
LACTIC ACID O ║ CH3 – CH – C – OH OH 2 - hydroxypropanoic acid
BUTYRIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – OH butanoic acid
PALMITIC ACID O ║ CH3 – (CH2)14 – C – OH hexadecanoic acid
IUPAC RULES • A carboxylic acid is named in the IUPAC system by replacing the –e of the alkane name by Functional group suffix = -oic acid. • The carboxyl carbon is designated as number # 1, and other substituents are located and named accordingly. • However, common names derived from their natural source are used extensively for most carboxylic acid, and the greek letters alpha, beta, gamma and delta are used to show the location of side groups.
Give the IUPAC & COMMON name of D’ Given Structure 09 10 08 07 06 04 00 05 02 03 01 O ║ CH3 – (CH2)4 – C – OH IUPAC HEXANOIC ACID CAPROIC ACID COMMON
Give the IUPAC & COMMON name of D’ Given Structure 09 10 08 07 06 04 05 00 03 01 02 O ║ OH CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – C – OH OH IUPAC 2,2 dihydroxypentanoic ACID COMMON α,α - dihydroxyvalericACID
Give D’ IUPAC name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 10 09 08 04 00 03 02 06 07 05 01 O ║ O ║ CH2 – CH3 HO – C – CH – C – CH – CH3 NO2 IUPAC 4 – methyl – 2 – nitro – 3 – oxohexanoic ACID
10 09 Give D’ COMMON name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 08 04 00 03 02 06 07 05 01 HO CH3 O ║ O ║ CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – CH – C – (CH2)2 – C – OH NO2 COMMON NAME ε – hydroxy – δ – methyl – ε – nitro – γ – oxopelargonic acid
10 09 08 04 Give D’ IUPAC name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 00 03 02 06 07 05 01 CH3 – CH2 CH2 – CH3 CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – CH2 – C – CH2 – CH3 HO– C – 2HC (CH2)2– CH3 O ║ IUPAC NAME 3,5,5 – triethyl – 3 – propyloctanoic acid
What if there’s a DOUBLE or TRIPLE bond in a structure? EXAMPLES O ║ CH3 – C ≡ C – C – OH 2 – butynecarboxylic acid O ║ C – OH 3 – cyclohexenecarboxylic acid
10 09 Give D’ IUPAC name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 08 04 05 07 06 03 00 02 01 CH2– CH3 O ║ HO – C – CH – CH2 – C ≡ C – C – CH3 CH3 – (CH2)2 6 – ethyl – 6 – methyl – 2 – phenyl – 4 – nonynecarboxylic acid
10 09 08 04 Give D’ IUPAC name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 07 06 05 03 02 00 01 O ║ C – OH CH2 HO 5 – benzyl – 4 – cyclohexyl – 3 – hydroxy – 2 – cyclohexene carboxylic acid
10 09 08 04 Give D’ IUPAC name of D’ CARBOXYLIC structure 07 06 05 03 02 00 01 O ║ C – OH CH3 – (CH2)4 4 – pentyl – 2 – cyclopentynecarboxylic acid