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Who are the Historians??. History is the study of the past. Historians use clues to understand how people lived in the past. Much like piecing together a puzzle. -Methods used by historians include:
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Who are the Historians?? • History is the study of the past. • Historians use clues to understand how people lived in the past. Much like piecing together a puzzle. -Methods used by historians include: -Studying Primary and secondary sources such as: diaries, paintings, letters, and works of earlier historians. -Tools: written or depicted evidence of past events
Archaeologists (what they do and how) • Archaeology is the study of the past, based on items people left behind. • Artifacts- These are the manmade items that have been found through excavation. -Methods • Excavation- Process of removing earth, stone, or other materials covering the remains of the past (digging up stuff) • -Carbon dating-a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic(bones, plants, hair) matter materials.
Tools Archaeologist Use • Tools -Shovels, trowels,sifting screens, metal detectors, math for measuring, handheld brooms, measuring tapes!
Why should we study the Past? • History: • helps us understand how people think and act. • explains how today was shaped by past events. • promotes good decision- making skills. • teaches you about other people and cultures • provides you with a better understanding of where and how you live
Early Hominids Mr. Bowling 7th Golden
Key Terms • Prehistory • Time Before there was writing • Hominid • An early ancestor of humans • Paleolithic Age • Early Stone Age • Biped • Walks on Two Feet • Hunters-Gathers • People who hunt animals, gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
Australopithecus • Short compared to humans today. • Remains show they were about 3 Feet Tall • Arms were long, but hands and feet were similar to a modern humans • Large head, and their forehead and jaw stuck out from her face • Many scientists believe they were BIPEDS • Their brain was only about 1/3 the size of ours • They also weren’t able to talk • 3-4 million years ago in Africa • Discovered by Donald Johanson • Called her “Lucy” b/c of the song Lucy in Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles
Homo Habilis: Handy Man • 2nd Group of hominids discovered • Searching for signs of hominids in AFRICA • Named Homo Habilis or “Handy Man” because of the ability to make tools • 1.5-2 million years ago • Walked on two feet • Brain was 2 times bigger than earlier hominids • Lived in groups
Tools of the Handy Man • Very Simple Tools • Rocks were used for Chopping Tools • Animal bones as digging sticks • Sharp pieces of stone for Cutting
Homo Erectus: Upright Man • Stood straight up • First group to migrate out of Africa…Their remains have been found in Europe and Asia • Taller and Thinner than previous hominid groups. • Stronger Bones Good Walkers and Runners
Tools of the Upright Man • More complex tools • Ex. Strong Hand-Axes made of stone • Were able to use fire. • Scientists have found burned animal bones in the same places as Upright Man remains • Were able to use tools to build shelters and this allowed for travel to new areas and longer time for survival
Homo Sapiens: Neanderthal Man • Lived in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia • Lived about 230,000-30,000 years ago • Walked upright • Shorter and stockier than modern man, but much stronger • Large brains • First group to hunt in organized groups
Neanderthal Community • Strong Sense of Community • When members died they were laid in burial mounds with hunting tools and flowers. • Worked together when hunting • Went in groups and trapped the animals • Cared for the injured and sick
Homo Sapiens Sapiens: Early ModernHumans • Lived from 35,000 to 12,000 B.C.E. • Originated in Africa • Then spread to Europe, Asia, and Australia • Came across LAND BRIDGES to North and South America • Looked more like us than Neanderthals did • Had much better tools • Could not adapt to the cold as well as Neanderthals
Tools of the Early Modern Humans • Made tools for engraving and sculpting • Needles for sewing animal skins together • Built shelters out of stone and earth • Spear throwers and the bow and arrow • Hunted from a distance and therefore was much safer
The Stone Ages Section 1: The First People
Section Focus • Humans have lived on the earth for millions of years. • Prehistoric people learned to adapt to their environment for survival. • Period of time before writing is called prehistory.
Hominids and Early Humans • Hominids first appeared in Africa 3 million years ago. • 3 Main groups of Hominids: • (Early) Homo Habilis – Skillful Man • (Middle) Homo Erectus – Man who walks upright • (Last) Homo Sapiens – Man who thinks • Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) appeared about 200,000 years ago in Africa.
Stone Age Tools • The first humans lived during the Stone Age. • People began using stone tools during the Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age. • Stone Age tools grew more complex as time passed.
Stone Age Tools • Earliest tools found in East Africa. • Each stone was hit with another to create a sharp edge. • First tools were used to cut and grind food.
Stone Age Tools • Improved tools by using better stones and attached wooden handles. • People were now able to hunt larger animals from a distance.
Hunter-Gatherer Societies • Early humans formed hunter-gatherer societies. • Society: community of people who share a common culture. • Hunted animals and gathered plants and seeds to survive. • Groups were small and lived in caves.
Hunter-Gatherer Societies • Hunter-gatherer societies developed language, art, and religion. • The most important development was language: • Allowed more relationships to form • Easier to hunt • Allowed food distribution • Paleolithic Age lasted more • than 2 million years and ended • 10,000 years ago.
