Unit 13

1. Unit 13 Words Can Give You Power

2. Leading In: • Advice is often given in a tentative manner if both parties are not close to each other. • Advice is more directly given if both parties are on familiar and friendly terms. • Advice is often given in a neutral form if the matter concerned is not important. • Advice is usually given by a superior/elder to a junior. And the language for advice can be direct, neutral or polite, depending on the personality of the giver, the relationship between the two parties, and in what kind of situation the advice is offered

3. The common ways of asking for advice: • Could you give me advice on how to ...? • What would you do if ...? • How do you think...? • What advice do you give? • What's your opinion about...? • Do you think it will work this way? • What should I do? • How should I …? • I don’t know what to do … I need your advice.

4. The common ways of giving advice: • My advice is.... • You'd better.... • I think it might be a good idea to.... • I'm afraid you can... • Why not ...? • If I were you, I would.... • I recommend you.... • If I were you, I would …(neutral, polite, and tentative advice ) • Why not …(direct and straight-forward) • It might be a good idea to/if … (polite and tentative).

5. You may ask for advice like this: • How do you think I can improve my writing ability? • Could you recommend a good restaurant? • What do you think we should do? • Could you offer me some advice about my teeth? • Prof. White, I'd rather have your advice on my article. • What's your idea about that? • What would you do if you were in my shoes? • Do you think he'll come this way?

6. You may give advice like this: • You'd better talk it over with your parents again. • Why not go to the White Rose? • Be sure to have a picture taken in front of Eiffel Tower! • You might as well do something else now. • What about the Scarlet Letter? • The way I see it, you should join us. • I'd suggest you see the doctor at once. • Would it be a good idea to tell him the truth? • How about going out for a picnic?

7. I recommend brushing your teeth after every meal. • It seems to me you should go on a diet. • Would you be interested in doing something outdoors? • You have to cut down on smoking, if you listen to me. • If I were in your shoes, I certainly would. • You'd be unwise to invest all your savings in stocks. • I'd rather you didn't apply for that position.

8. Listening & Speaking • Listen to Conversation Oneon P153 and answer questions on P152. • Listen to Conversation Twoand answer questions on P153. Then fill in the blanks .

9. Listening & Speaking • A: Excuse me, Professor Lu, .You see, it really gets on my nerves that ... that I seem to be making no progress at all. • B: Well, Li Ming,. Don't be shy and don't be afraid of making mistakes. • A: I see. Well, • B: Writing is a bit difficult. There is no short cut to success. One way would be to write more. You know, • . • A: But, the thing is ... very often I don't know what to write and how to write. You know, ... I have not enough words or expressions.

10. Listening & Speaking • B:, you know, to get more knowledge. Your vocabulary will also grow quickly that way. But to write well you must first have something to say and then say it cleverly. • A: I see. By the way, Professor Li, . • B: Well, there is a lot of good stuff in our library. . • A: Thank you. Professor Lu ...

11. Listening & Speaking • Read Conversation One and Conversation Two aloud. Make similar ones with the words in the substitute boxes. • Role Play: A student is desired to improve his English, but he doesn’t know how to do it. So he asks his teacher for advice. And the teacher gives him some useful advice.

12. Listening & Speaking Listen to Conversation Oneand Conversation Twoand make your own dialogue based on the situations given: Your friend has a headache, suppose you are the doctor, ask about what his/her day was like yesterday and then give him/her some advice

13. Text: Words Can Give You Power New words & phrases: • fancy: n. (1)imagination e.g. a novelist’s fancy (2) (single) desire, liking e.g. I have a fancy for some wine tonight. ·Catch/take sb’s fancy: please or attract someone e.g. She saw a dress in the shop and it caught her fancy. ·take a fancy to sb/sth: be fond of sb./sth (without obvious reasons) e.g. I’ve suddenly taken a fancy to fashion. adj. (1) having a lot of decoration or bright colors e.g. I just want a plain dress --- nothing fancy. (2)not ordinary, unusual; expensive and fashionable e.g. a fancy pair of shoes fancy cars

14. Text: Words Can Give You Power v. (1) think or believe, imagine e.g. He fancied she liked him. (2) have a desire; want e.g. I fancy a cup of tea. (3)(used in imperative expressing surprise, disbelief and shock etc.) Just fancy! Fancy her being so rude. ·fancy oneself as: have a very high opinion on oneself; be conceited e.g. She fancied herself as a singer. 2. effectively: adj: effective compare effective, efficient and effectual effective a. producing the result that was wanted or intended efficient a. working well without wasting time, money or energy effectual a. (fml) (not used of people) producing intended results.

15. Text: Words Can Give You Power 3.synonymous: having the same meaning n. synonym antonym: n. word that is opposite in meaning to another adj. antonymous 4. economic: (1) of economics (2) concerned with trade or industry (3) designed to make a profit Economics: n. 经济学 economist: person who studies economics Economy: n. 经济 economize: v. save money, time or resources; spend less than before Compare economic, financial and economical.

16. Text: Words Can Give You Power • economic a. connected with the way money is earned, spent, and controlled within a country or society. • financial a. connected with money, especially the way large organizations control their money. • economical a. cheap; careful in the spending of money, time, etc. and in the use of resources, not wasteful. • 5.advantage: disadvantage • take advantage of: make use of sth well, properly • They took full advantage of the hotel’s facilities. • advantageous: adj.

17. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 6.score: n. (1) number of points, goals in games • (2) number of marks gained in a test, exam • (3) (pl unchanged) set or group of twenty: e.g. a score of people; three score and ten • (4) scores: very many • ---How many people were there? ---There were scores. • v. (1) gain points/goals; gain marks in exam (2) score out/through • 7.predict: v. to forecast adj. predictable=can be predicted [structure] predict + n./ that-clause e.g. He predicted a war in the next few years. • He predicted that war would break out in the next few years. • prediction: n. e.g. His predictions seldom come true.

18. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 8.addition: in addition to: besides • additional: extra, added • 9.determine: determine on/upon • decide to do; make up one’s mind to do; be determined to do • determine sb. against sth: make sb decide not to do sth • determine + n. / to-infinitive / that -clause e.g. Can we now determine the date for our party? • He determined to stay at the office till 5:00 P.M. • He has determined that the new school will be built here.

19. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 10. alike: similar unlike: not like, differ from likely: possible unlikely: impossible; • It is likely that ... • be likely to do: tend to do sth. • e.g. I thought I wasn't likely ever to see you again. • An accident is likely to happen at that moment. • It is highly likely that he will succeed. • 11.represent: stand for • representation: n. • representative: adj. 典型的 n. 典型，代表 • 12. get across: cause sth to be understood • e.g. Your meaning didn’t really get across. • He is not good at getting his ideas across.

20. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 13. once in a while: occasionally • e.g. Once in a while we go to a restaurant. • In a while: in a period of time • e.g. That’s the best suggestion we’ve had in a while. • 14. have an impact/influence/effect on/upon have (make, exert) impact on: to influence; to have an effect on sth. e.g. This book had a great impact on its readers. His opinion made a powerful impact on modern art.

21. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Pre-reading tasks: • 1. Why do we need to enlarge our vocabulary? • A good vocabulary may improve one’s reading comprehension. • A good vocabulary may improve one’s expressive power in speaking and writing. • A good vocabulary may help one in listening comprehension. • A good vocabulary may mean a good command of English. • A good vocabulary may help one in translation. • A good vocabulary may help one in communication with others.

22. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 2. How do we enlarge our vocabulary? • To enlarge one’s vocabulary, one must keep learning new vocabulary consistently for months and years. • One should memorize five or six new words every day for years. • One should try to use the words one has learned from reading, listening etc. • One should improve one’s word power by studying word relationships such as synonym, and antonym. • 3. How do we know that we have learned a word? • We can recognize it in listening, and reading. • We can recall the word and spell it. • We can use it in speaking and writing.

23. Text: Words Can Give You Power • 4. Important Aspects of Vocabulary Learning • (1)The learner should learn to identify the relationship of one word with other words. • (2) The learner should learn to evaluate the relationship between a word in one context and its variation in another.

24. Text: Words Can Give You Power • While-reading Task Text Structure Sections Paragraphs Main Idea Introduction 1 The main reason for improving vocabulary Importance of vocabulary development Development 2-4 Power of vocabulary in one’s economic, academic and social life. 5-6 Suggestions for vocabulary improvement through reading. Conclusion 7 Words can give you power. // One’s vocabulary has a great impact on one’s life.

25. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Para. 1: introduction A person with a good vocabulary is not only impressive, but he or she is better able to communicate and understand complex thoughts as well. not only ... but also ... : used to emphasize the addition of sb./ sth. e.g. Mr. Sharp teaches us not only how to write short essays, but also how to write them with style. e.g. Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily. as well: in addition (to sb/sth/ doing sth.) usu. as well as sb./sth. e.g. I understood from her that you did other important work as well. It is important for you as well as for me. We can not expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.

26. Text: Words Can Give You Power [paraphrase] If a person has a good vocabulary, he can give others deep impression. He can make better communication and understand others' complicated thoughts. In short, words can help people receive and send their thoughts better. Question: What kind of misconception concerningvocabulary development does the writer anticipate? A: There is no need to learn those fancy words that we don't use. Question: What is the main reason for developing a good vocabulary? A: The main reason is to receive and send our thoughts more effectively and correctly

27. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Para. 2-4: Power of vocabulary in one’s economic, academic and social life. • Perhaps the most important reason for vocabulary development is that a good vocabulary and success are synonymous. • [paraphrase] The most important reason to enlarge vocabulary is that a good vocabulary means success. • It is through words that people grasp the thoughts of others and do their own thinking. • It is ... that (who): used to emphasize any part of a sentence. • It's Spain that they are going to on holiday. • It's Jim who is the clever one.

28. Text: Words Can Give You Power • grasp: v. to understand sth. fully; seize sb./ sth. firmly with hands, fingers, teeth, etc. e.g. Grasp all, lose all. • The drowning man grasped the rope. • do + (some, little, most of the, the, no, one's) + v.-ing. • Martin did no reading that night. • Can you find a more skillful typist to do my typing?

29. Text: Words Can Give You Power • There is a direct link between verbal ability and scores on an intelligence or achievement test. • [paraphrase] If you have a good verbal ability, then you can get a high score in intelligence or achievement test. • In addition, your vocabulary also determines the shape and size of your world. • [paraphrase] Furthermore, a good vocabulary can help shape your social life. • unlike your height or the shape of your face, it's something you can easily control and improve. • [paraphrase] You can’t change your height and appearance, but you can change and improve your vocabulary easily.

30. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Question: What can a good vocabulary mean for the economic aspect of our lives? • A: It is an important factor of one’s economic success. It may help us in getting a high paying job because of our ability to better grasp and express thoughts. • Question: What are the writer's supporting ideas for his argument? • A: An institution reported their findings that a good vocabulary is the only attribute common to successful people and that the highest scores of vocabulary tests are made by the people getting the highest pay. • Question: What can a good vocabulary mean for the academic aspect of our lives? • A: It is an important factor of one’s academic success. • With a good verbal ability, we may get higher scores in IQ tests, and express our thoughts more clearly and eloquently.

31. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Question: And what are the writer's supporting ideas for his argument? • A: There is a direct relationship between verbal ability and scores of an intelligence or achievement test. Both predict success. • Question:What can a good vocabulary mean for the social aspect of our lives? • A: It will play a part in determining the size and shape of one’s world (that is, determining what kind of people you will work with, befriend, be related to, what books you will read, etc.) • Question:And what are the writer's supporting ideas for his argument? • A: You will be able to build friendships with more people, and you will be also able to read more extensively if you have a good vocabulary. It is the main link to other people.

32. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Para. 5--6: Suggestions for vocabulary improvement through reading. • through: prep. by means of e.g. We learnt of the 9.11 event through TV. • Only once in a while do we give up and look the word up in a dictionary. • When "only +adverbial (once in a while)" is put at the beginning of the sentence, inversion takes place. • [paraphrase]Sometimes we stop guessing the meaning of the words and turn to the dictionary for help. • Only in this way can you succeed. • Words that we learn through their use in context are much more likely to stay with us than words we memorize by themselves, as in a list or in a dictionary. • by oneself: individually e.g. The little girl wrote a letter all by herself.

33. Text: Words Can Give You Power • [paraphrase] If we learn a word through its use in context, it is possible that this word will make a deep impression on us. Unlike we memorize the words individually, it is possible for us to forget it. • Question: What is the best way to improve our vocabulary according the author? • A: Reading. • Question: What "counter-argument" does the writer anticipate when he advises that we don't have to look up every new word we find in reading? • A: Some people might say, you're lazy if you don't look up every new word in reading.

34. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Para. 7: Words can give you power. • The words we learn through reading will improve not just our reading vocabulary but our listening, speaking and writing vocabularies as well. • [paraphrase]Learning through reading will improve our vocabulary in all aspects, such as reading, listening, speaking and writing. • ·Questions: What else should we pay attention to as an additional piece of advice given by the writer? • A: It is the reading, listening, speaking, and writing vocabularies that have a direct impact upon our daily lives.

35. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Summary of the whole passage. • Words help receive and send our thoughts more effectively and correctly. Words give us social, economic and academic power. Reading is the best way to improve our vocabulary. It is the reading, listening, speaking, and writing vocabularies that have a direct impact upon our daily lives

36. Text: Words Can Give You Power • Assignment • Finish the exercises on pages 162-169.

37. Thank You!