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Identifying Similarities and Differences

Identifying Similarities and Differences. March 29, 2007 Jennifer Alexander Jennifer Reed. Processes of Identifying Similarities & Differences. Comparing and Contrasting Classifying Creating Metaphors Creating Analogies. Comparing and Contrasting.

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Identifying Similarities and Differences

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  1. Identifying Similarities and Differences March 29, 2007 Jennifer Alexander Jennifer Reed

  2. Processes of Identifying Similarities & Differences • Comparing and Contrasting • Classifying • Creating Metaphors • Creating Analogies

  3. Comparing and Contrasting “Comparing and contrasting are related processes of articulations similarities and differences, respectively, between or among things or ideas.”

  4. Structured and Open-Ended tasks • Structured tasks: 1. Identify objects that are to be compared. 2. Explain how to compare the objects. 3. List characteristics to be compared. • Open-Ended tasks: 1. Identify objects that are to be compared. 2. Explain how to compare the objects. 3. Have students list the characteristics to be compared.

  5. Venn Diagram Matrix Items to be compared #1 #2 #3 Characteristics Similarities Differences Compare/Contrast Graphic Organizers

  6. Classifying “The process of grouping things into definable categories based on like characteristics. How things are classified influences our perceptions or behaviors.”

  7. Structured and Open-Ended tasks • Structured tasks: 1. List items to classify. 2. Give categories to sort the items. • Open-Ended tasks: 1. List items to classify. 2. Have students create categories to sort the items.

  8. Webbing Chart Category Category Category Category Classifying Graphic Organizers

  9. Creating Metaphors “A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that literally denotes one object or idea is used with or in place of another object or idea to suggest likeness between them.”

  10. Structured and Open-Ended tasks • Structured tasks: 1. Provide part of the metaphor. 2. Provide part of the abstract relationship. 3. Have students build on foundation. • Open-Ended tasks: 1. Provide only one part of the metaphor. 2. Have students identify the second part. 3. Have students describe abstract relationship.

  11. Graphic Organizer for Metaphors Element/Item Element/Item Literal Pattern Literal Pattern Abstract Relationship

  12. Creating Analogies “Creating analogies is the process of identifying relationships between pairs of concepts – in other words, identifying relationships between relationships.”

  13. Structured and Open-Ended tasks • Structured tasks: 1. Provide an analogy. 2. Discuss the relationship between the parts of the analogy provided. • Open-Ended tasks: 1. Provide an incomplete analogy. 2. Have students complete the analogy. 3. Have the students create other analogies that may also complete the analogy provided.

  14. Structured is to as is to Open-Ended is to Relationship: is to Graphic Organizer for Analogies

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