Known unknowns

1. Known unknowns “..as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns ; the ones we don't know we don't know.“ Memorable Quotes by US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld

2. Research/Surveys 54% blocking or filtering 43% have controls or filtering According to the communications regulator, Ofcom UK, three in four children aged 5-15 now use the internet at home - yet only 43% of parents of children aged 5-15 say they have controls or filtering software in place; a situation that has actually worsened since 2008 (49%). • Europe-wide study ('EUKidsOnline') by London School of Economics (LSE), has revealed that UK parents leads Europe with 54% blocking or filtering their children's internet access. • EU average is just 28%, with Romania on the lowest at 9%.

3. and hype Survey evidence misinterpreted

4. Review of available evidence and parents attitude to Internet Safety • http://www.education.gov.uk/ukccis/content.cfm?id=research • http://tinyurl.com/parentalukccis Of 248 potentially relevant evidence only 38 pieces were UK Not summaries Opinion pieces. Recent Ofcom research indicated that 57% of parents do not know where to go for information on how to keep their children safe online.

5. Research:- Access and use What we know • More than four in five young people aged 5–15 are now able to access the internet in their own homes. • Children spend more time online than their parents think . On average, children aged 7–13 spend more than an hour on the internet each day. • It is becoming more common for children to access the internet in their own bedrooms and without parental supervision. • There is a growth in using alternative portable devices (including mobiles and portable media players) to access online content in a variety of places and without parental supervision. What we don’t know • There is very little evidence on the links between using more portable devices and the online risks young people face in using such devices. • We do not know much about the ways and extent to which younger children aged 11 and below use social networking sites to share personal information. • More research is needed to explore the links between where, with what, how often and with whom children access the internet and the likelihood of online risks.

6. Research:- Characteristics of children What we know • Younger children (below the age of seven) are increasingly accessing the internet at home – 66% in 2009 compared with 57% in 2008. • Young people from the most socio-economically disadvantaged groups are less likely to have access to the internet than other groups. • However, there is no clear link between the characteristics of children and other online risks – the overriding area of commonality is simply access to the online environment. What we don’t know • More research is needed to explore whether certain types of young people are more likely to be exposed to different types of online risks, including whether socio-economically disadvantaged and other vulnerable children are more likely to face particular risks than other young people. • There is very little research on the online risks faced by younger age groups accessing the internet, particularly those 66% aged 5–7 who use the internet at home

7. Research:- Online risks for children and young people What we know • Around one in 13 children aged 11–16 have been persistently cyber bullied in the last year, while 40% of young people aged 13–18 know friends who engage in ‘sexting’. • Parents and teachers regard accessing inappropriate content on the internet as one of the main online risks for children. • A quarter of children aged 14 have arranged to meet an online contact face to face, while 15% of those aged eight and 12 have done so. What we don’t know • More evidence is needed to quantify the extent to which children encounter online risks, rather than just focusing on young people’s and adults’ perceptions of such risks. • There is very little UK evidence on the role of the internet in reinforcing negative behaviours or attitudes such as suicide, race-hate or anorexia.

8. Research:- children's online experiences What we know • Around half of parents do not use internet controls or filtering software, while 13 per cent of parents of children aged 5–15 have not heard of such controls. • Parents are less aware of safeguarding controls for mobile phones and games consoles. • While children are generally aware of how they should behave to stay safe online, they often do not use these strategies. • Some schools do not appear to have sufficiently comprehensive e-safety policies in place to ensure all children use the internet safely while at school. What we don’t know • More research is needed to explore what specific strategies work best in ensuring that young people use the internet safely. • There is limited evidence on teachers’ awareness and understanding of effective ways of safeguarding from online risks and how to teach children about it.

9. Parents attitudes • Exec Summary • Currently, parents are not seeking information proactively in relation to keeping their children safe online • A child’s age, gender and technical knowledge has the greatest impact on parental online safety concerns • Government websites and those from other ‘major’ names are the most trusted • Some parents would welcome a public awareness campaign from government that highlights online dangers and then drives them to relevant online (and other) information sources • Research carried out to dig down on why 57% of parents did not know where to go for information • Focus groups, different levels of IT literacy

10. Hype

11. Sharing Images and Video among young people http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1367426/One-pupils-admit-swapping-porn-images-text-message.html#ixzz1IBhZTxny http://www.swgfl.org.uk/Staying-Safe/Files/Documents/sexting-detail

12. Sexting “Sexting” is the act of sending sexually explicit messages or photos electronically, primarily between cell phones. (Wikipedia 2009)

13. Headline: One in four pupils admit swapping porn images of themselves by text message Claim made Actual Survey Q: Have any of your friends shared intimate pictures/ videos with a boyfriend or girlfriend (sometimes referred to as “sexting”)? Survey was 13-18 year olds not 11-14 39% of respondents were AWARE of a friend sexting. No mention of computer, naked or topless. • 40 per cent of 11- to 14-year-olds used their mobile phones or computer to send pictures of themselves or receive naked or topless images of friends.

14. Headline: 4 in 10 of the 11,000 children surveyed thought it was ‘appropriate’ to circulate pictures of topless girls in their school. Q What do you consider to be an inappropriate image (%age response)? (n=532)

15. Where sexting did happen • Q Have you and/or your friends been affected by this sort of thing?

16. ¾ of survey don’t want any help thank you “i think you should because some of my mates send pic to boys they don’t no and they meet up wiv them and they dont even no the boys i think it would be a good thing so people dont get hurt. because one day my mate might a boy and the boy might be someone different and kidnap her or other bad stuff so yeah i think it would be a great idea to get more advice support and protection for all people.” • Q Would you like to see more advice/support/ protection for young people in this area? (n=517)

17. END • SUMMARY