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Transit Timing, Radius, Albedo, and Satellites of Extrasolar Planets with MagIC’s Upgrade

Transit Timing, Radius, Albedo, and Satellites of Extrasolar Planets with MagIC’s Upgrade. Mercedes López-Morales Carnegie-DTM. Extrasolar Planets to Date 235 planets discovered to date: 233 from Radial Velocities 19 from Transits 4 from Microlensing … +4 pulsar planets

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Transit Timing, Radius, Albedo, and Satellites of Extrasolar Planets with MagIC’s Upgrade

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  1. Transit Timing, Radius, Albedo, and Satellites of Extrasolar Planets with MagIC’s Upgrade Mercedes López-Morales Carnegie-DTM

  2. Extrasolar Planets to Date • 235 planets discovered to date: • 233 from Radial Velocities • 19 from Transits • 4 from Microlensing • … +4 pulsar planets • (Last update: May 10 2007) • Main Future Goals • Physical characterization of known planets • Discovery of the first Earth-mass planets

  3. TRANSITS: at present the richest source of information • Planet-to-Star Radius Ratio • Orbital inclination and stellar limb darkening • Planetary Albedos • Satellites around theplanets • Additional planets in those systems • Earth-mass planets

  4. Transit Timing from Agol et al. (2004)

  5. Transit Timing • Can detect extrasolar planets as small as 2-3 MEarth based on eq. 1 of Holman & Murray (2005)

  6. Transit Timing (t0)  -2ph p1/2  = Rp / Rs ph = light curve noise / sec p = (T - F) / 2 From Seager & Mallén-Ornellas (2003)

  7. Recent Transit Timing Attempts

  8. MagIC Upgrade • 1024x1024 pixel Frame-transfer CCD • 13 m pixels • > 70% QE between 0.4-0.8 m • ~ 2 e- readout noise • Full well ~ 100,000 e-/pixel • cooled at -120C (MagIC dewar) CCD47-20 chip from e2V technologies • 512x512 pixel Frame-transfer CCD • 16 m pixels • > 90% QE up to 1 m • ≤ 6 e- readout noise • Full well ~ 200,000 e-/pixel • Three-stage Peltier cooler (-70C in air) POETS: Portable Occultation, Eclipse, and Transit System.

  9. POETS on Magellan Telescopes OGLE-TR-56b OGLE image OGLE-TR-56b on Magellan with POETS 60” x 60” FoV 25” x 25” FoV

  10. Test Transit of OGLE-TR-56b on Magellan • 2 sec exposure sequence in I-band • S/N = 400 per point, i.e. 2.5 mmags • Red-noise ~ 4.5 mmags • ~0.43 mmags in 100 sec bins!

  11. Performance of POETS

  12. Observational Strategy GOAL: 3-5 transits or more of each target per year 2-3 occultations per year

  13. Bonus Material • Error in Rp < 0.5% (assuming R* = 0) • Satellites? • Albedos • - OGLE-TR-56b, 113b and 132b have P  [1.0, 2.0] days • - Could have Tsurf ~ 2500-3000K • - Occultations could be ~ 0.5 mmags deep

  14. Parameter Precision Goals

  15. Summary • The MagIC update will be able to improve light curve • photometric precision on ground-based telescopes by • a factor of 6. • That photometric precision improvement will allow: • improvement on ground-based albedo detections • at optical wavelengths. • improvement on detection of satellites. • improvements on planetary radius measurements • improvements on the detection of additional • planetsvia transit timing. • Transit timing data of particular interest for OGLE planets. • Project fully funded by NASA Origins Program. • Observations begin June 2007 with MagIC.

  16. Project Members Jim Elliot Sara Seager Elisabeth Adams Amanda Gulbis ……. all from MIT David Osip (LCO, OCIW) Mercedes López-Morales (CIW-DTM)

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