and not Resource Management and Conflict Planning

1. Conflict Management and Resource Planning and notResource Managementand Conflict Planning J.J. Verplanke

2. Framework: issues Context of PSP • Planning of Resources • Management of Resources • Use of Resources GI as record of Changes and Dynamics Specific actors

3. Framework: actors • Planners  Experts • Managers  Decision-makers • Users Stakeholders SCI to show Changes and Dynamics Specific knowledge

4. Framework: knowledge • Expertise  Science & Technology • Policy  Governance & Institutions • Indigenous  Experience/operational Combining/sharing information = knowledge Specific environment

5. Ecological system Economic system Values Cost & Benefit Impact Social cultural system Planning Institutions Policy & Governance Institutional system Ethics Planning environment

6. Decision-making environment Physical or Ecological Model Financial or Economic Model Values Social Cultural Model Decision-making Model Institutions Policy & Governance Institutional Model Ethics

7. Continuous Feedback Information & Knowledge Decision tools & techniques Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration Communication, Education & Participation Decision & Consensus & Resolution Problem & Conflict Stakeholder  analysis  participation  relationship Decision-Making Process

8. Planner • Planner as a coordinator, • Planner as a facilitator, • Planner as a negotiator, • Planner as a meddler?

9. Planning in Theory • Find a problem • Make people aware • Let people participate • Make people understand • Construct a solution • Involve people in decision

10. Planning in Practice • Find a problem • Make people aware • Propose a solution • Make people angry • Try to explain • Control damage

11. Planning as a means to: • Make choices • Allocate resources • Achieve goals • Schedule future activities • Create conflicts (inherent) • Mitigate conflicts (consequence)

12. Achieving Objectives • Impossible to satisfy everybody • NIMBY • LULU • BANANA • Not In My Back Yard • Locally Unwanted Land Use • Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anyone

13. Stakeholders with different interests Get Discount Buy fuel ? Conflicting Interests Make Profit Sell fuel Who looks after my interests ? Matching Interests Stakeholders Natural Resources

14. Stakeholders and stakes (exercise) • Who are stakeholders?

15. Stakeholders • Who are stakeholders? • Government • Directly affected (groups) • Indirectly affected (groups) those who are affected, but also those who can affect (the outcome)

16. Stakeholders • active and passive stakeholders:those who affect (determine) a decision or action, and those affected by this decision or action • primary stakeholders are the heart of interest or the intended beneficiaries of a projectand secondary stakeholders • key stakeholders: significant influence

17. Stakeholder Analysis an instrument for understanding a system, and changes in it, by identifying stakeholders and assessing their relationships and their respective interests in that system.

18. Stakeholder Analysis Analysis means? combining information

19. Stakeholder Attributes • The 4 most relevant attributes are: • interests • influence • importance • interaction

20. Positions and interests I want the shade of the tree No, the tree is on my land! The tree is on my land! I want the fruits of the tree Interests

21. the power to control decisions. the ability to persuade others into a course of action. facilitate implementation of a project or affect it negatively. power, mandate, legitimacy Influence = Power

22. : is the priority given to satisfying a stakeholders’ needs and interests is most obvious when stakeholder interests in a project converge closely with the project's objectives. (purpose). is therefore distinct from influence. (Stakeholders, who have weak capacity to participate and limited power to influence key decisions can have high importance). Importance

23. High Importance Low Low Influence High A B D C Influence & Importance ensure coalition of support interests are to be protected unlikely to be subject of project source of significant risk

24. Grouping stakeholders

25. Stakeholder interaction Ecological interest Economic interest Values Cost & Benefit Impact Social cultural behavior Planning Institutions Policy & Governance Institutional focus Ethics

26. Different interests • Factual disagreement • Relational aspects Personal • Interdependence • Scarcity • Communication barriers Structural & Physical Conflict sources

27. The level at which the conflict occurs (international, national, local). The relative position or status of the stakeholders (conflicts at the same level or between levels). The relative power of the stakeholders (who has responsibilities and who represents significant economical interests) Level of confrontation

28. Continuous Feedback Information & Knowledge Decision tools & techniques Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration Communication, Education & Participation Decision & Consensus & Resolution Problem & Conflict Stakeholder  analysis  participation  relationship The Dynamic Environment

29. Cause (trigger) cause consciousness consciousness experiencing (feelings) experiencing (feelings) consequence (reaction) consequence (reaction) behavior behavior Conflicts • Conflict dynamics