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Time allocation: 4 hours Form of class: lecture+Q & A Main contents: What is culture?

Time allocation: 4 hours Form of class: lecture+Q & A Main contents: What is culture? Instinctive behavior and cultural behavior Communication elements and characteristics. I. What is culture?. Definition: evasive Which one of the definitions on p. 40 do you refer and why?.

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Time allocation: 4 hours Form of class: lecture+Q & A Main contents: What is culture?

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  1. Time allocation: 4 hours • Form of class: lecture+Q & A • Main contents: • What is culture? • Instinctive behavior and cultural behavior • Communication elements and characteristics

  2. I. What is culture? • Definition: evasive Which one of the definitions on p. 40 do you refer and why?

  3. Characteristics of culture: 1. culture is not innate; it is learned Three waysthrough which Enculturation takes place: • interaction • observation • imitation 2. culture is transmitted from generation to generation

  4. 3. culture is based on symbols • verbal language • nonverbal language • iconic language (flags, jewelry, cross)

  5. Levels of culture • Symbols • Heroes • Rituals • values

  6. Cultural iceberg: p. 48-49 Conscious or subconscious? Deep culture—the out of awareness part of a culture Nine-tenth of an iceberg / culture is out of sight.

  7. Culture – like an Iceberg 非语言 行为 语言 信仰 态度 价值观念

  8. III. Elements of communication • Definition of communication: p. 70 A behavior-affecting process in which one person (a source) intentionally encodes and transmits a message through a channel to an intended audience (receivers) in order to induce a particular attitude or behavior.

  9. Preconceptions and Stereotypes Characteristics of communication: • Dynamic • Interactive • Irreversible • Taking place in both a physical and social context

  10. p. 50 Reading II Communication: the essential human connection – verbal, nonverbal, iconic. Example: a salesperson attending the Monday morning staff meeting.

  11. Context: • physical setting • the formality of the conference room • the seating arrangements • lighting • the time of day • the distance between Phil and staff • historical context • previous communication events • psychological context • the manner of perceiving themselves and others • cultural context • communication norms

  12. Messages: • meanings • the meanings may not be transferred successfully • symbols • words chosen • facial expressions, gestures • tone of voice • encoding and decoding • message encoded may not be decoded as intended • culture and nonverbal factors

  13. Noise: • external noise • stimuli in the surrounding that distract attention • internal noise • interfering thoughts and feelings inside a communicator • semantic noise • inappropriate choice of words • (http://blog.hjenglish.com/lvle/archive/2007/02/25/632540.html; http://blog.hjenglish.com/lvle/articles/544732.html; p. 60)

  14. 蟹粉小笼：crab pink small cage • 拿铁咖啡：take iron coffee • 一次性筷子：one sex chopsticks • 残迹人电梯：disabled elevator • 小心溺水：careful drowning

  15. Fuck the fruit area • Chicken without sexual life • Bean curd made by a pockmarked woman • Racist Park • Disabled elevator

  16. Feedback: • verbal response • nonverbal response

  17. Assignment: • Discovering Problems: Commercial signs on p. 60. Collect at least one language abuse in Shanghai. Record where and when it is found. • Identifying Difference: Little things p. 61 • Communication and its characteristics p. 68 • Next class check: Fill – in Task p. 59

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