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Carbon capture and storage: HSE perceptions

Carbon capture and storage: HSE perceptions. Dr Gordon Newsholme Process safety corporate topic group. Presentation overview. Govt’s energy review Overview of the technology Health and safety risks Regulatory framework and standards Knowledge management/advancement opportunities Summary.

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Carbon capture and storage: HSE perceptions

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  1. Carbon capture and storage:HSE perceptions Dr Gordon Newsholme Process safety corporate topic group

  2. Presentation overview • Govt’s energy review • Overview of the technology • Health and safety risks • Regulatory framework and standards • Knowledge management/advancement opportunities • Summary

  3. What is carbon capture and storage? A series of processes by which the amount of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere could be reduced.

  4. What does CCS involve? • Separation of CO2 from gaseous effluent streams • Transportation to a suitable storage location • Long-term isolation from the atmosphere

  5. Potential capture sites • Electricity generation stations using fossil fuels

  6. Potential capture sites • Electricity generation stations using fossil fuels • Major industrial sources: • Iron and steel making • Cement production • Glass manufacture

  7. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion

  8. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Traditional combustion

  9. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Traditional combustion • Oxy-fuel combustion

  10. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Pre-combustion

  11. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Pre-combustion • Steam reforming

  12. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Pre-combustion • Steam reforming • Gasification

  13. Strategies for CO2 capture • Post-combustion • Pre-combustion • Non-combustion sources

  14. Separation technologies

  15. Separation technologies • Absorption/adsorption • Scrubbing with amines etc • Pressure swing adsorption systems

  16. Separation technologies • Absorption/adsorption • Cryogenic separation

  17. Separation technologies • Absorption/adsorption • Cryogenic separation • Gas separation membranes

  18. Transportation of CO2 to storage site • Pipelines • Dense phase C02 • Specialist technology • 2 500 km pipelines in USA • 40 M tonnes p.a moved • Very low incident rate

  19. Transportation of CO2 to storage site • Pipelines • Ship • Moved as liquid at c 7 bar • Applicable experience from LNG shipping

  20. Storage • Geological • Mineralisation • Oceanic storage

  21. Geological storage • Depleted oil or gas reservoirs • Saline aquifers • Unmineable coal beds

  22. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2

  23. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2: • Asphyxiant • Heavier-than-air • Acid gas • Effect of elevated CO2 levels on asset life

  24. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2 • Supercritical CO2

  25. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2 • Supercritical CO2 • Not a solid, a liquid or a gas • low viscosity, highly solubilising and invasive

  26. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2 • Supercritical CO2 A release of sc CO2 will: • Produce a jet of gas, liquid/solid • Very low temperatures (- 800C) • Grit-blasting nature of releases

  27. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2: • Supercritical CO2 • Capture solvents

  28. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2: • Supercritical CO2 • Capture solvents • Flammable, irritant chemicals

  29. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2: • Supercritical CO2 • Capture solvents • Trapped energy

  30. Health and safety risks • Gaseous CO2: • Supercritical CO2 • Capture solvents • Trapped energy • Very high operating/injection pressures • Typically 200 bars, potentially 400 bars

  31. Regulatory framework & standards etc • Backdrop of general H & S duties (HSW Act) • No new categories of safety risk involved • All chemicals involved well documented • LUP/MH legislation needs amendment • Few sc CO2 specific engineering standards

  32. Significant health & safety issues • Poor understanding of release behaviour of sc CO2 • Difficulty of developing foreseeable accident scenarios • Risk to personnel, structure & function from releases • Physiological hazards of CO2 • Effect of elevated CO2 levels on asset life • Lack of engineering standards specifically for sc CO2

  33. Knowledge management opportunities • Large-scale sc CO2 release behaviour studies • Development of validated modelling techniques • Appropriate sc CO2 specific engineering codes/stds • Effect of CO2 on maintenance needs • Recognise need for effective KM

  34. Summary • CCS projects will be major operational undertakings • The technology is extremely specialised • There is relevant expertise • Projects may exceed current operating parameters • Release behaviour of sc CO2 is poorly understood • Regulatory framework requires amendment

  35. Acknowledgements Photographs and Diagrams: Enpira, Daniel, American Combustion, Arcadenet, Greenpeace, Aircare, Aci-Ecotec, UKOOA, Fba.nus,Healthy-women.org, World coal, CO2capture project.org, Science Museum, World Energy, IEA, Coal Authority, Whitehouse.gov, BBC, Etech, Steeltechnology.org, Petroleumbazaar.com, Shaygen-innovatio.co.uk, Firstpeople, hydrocarbon-technology, Princeton, BSU, BNL, Ebara

  36. Carbon capture and storage Any questions or comments? Gordon Newsholme

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