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Allotropes of Carbon

Allotropes of Carbon. Learning Objectives. To define the term allotropes. To describe and explain the main allotropes of carbon. Allotropes of Carbon. Diamond is one of the best known allotropes of carbon. U seful for both industrial applications and jewelry.

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Allotropes of Carbon

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  1. Allotropes of Carbon

  2. Learning Objectives • To define the term allotropes. • To describe and explain the main allotropes of carbon.

  3. Allotropes of Carbon • Diamond is one of the best known allotropes of carbon. • Useful for both industrial applications and jewelry. • Hardest known natural mineral. • Dominant industrial use is in cutting, drilling, grinding (diamond edged cutters), and polishing.

  4. Allotropes of Carbon • Graphite- (graphein, "to draw/write", for its use in pencils). • Unlike diamond, graphite is an electrical conductor. • Graphite powder is used as a dry lubricant. • A single layer of graphite is called graphene.

  5. Allotropes of Carbon • Amorphous carbon - carbon that does not have any crystalline structure. • Some short-range order can be observed, but there is no long-range pattern of atomic positions. • Coal and soot or carbon black are informally called amorphous carbon.

  6. Allotropes of Carbon • Coal • Sought-after energy source. It has the largest reserve and is often the cheapest of the fuel options. • Fossil fuel created from the remains of plants that lived under the sea.

  7. Allotropes of Carbon • Soot -also known as black carbon, is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide • Ablack, carbonaceous substance produced during incomplete combustion of coal, wood, oil, etc.

  8. Allotropes of Carbon • Fullerenes- buckminsterfullerenes, or usually just fullerenes or buckyballs for short. • Are molecules of varying sizes composed entirely of carbon, which take the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube • Were under study for potential medicinal use — binding specific antibiotics to the structure to target resistant bacteria and even target certain cancer cells such as melanoma.

  9. Allotropes of Carbon • Carbon nanotubes - also called buckytubes • Are cylindrical carbon molecules with novel properties • (e.g., nano-electronics, optics, materials applications, etc.) • A member of the fullerene structural family, which also includes buckyballs.

  10. Allotropes of Carbon • Glassy carbon or vitreous carbon is a class of non-graphitizing carbon • Widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as well as for high temperature crucibles and as a component of some prosthetic devices.

  11. Allotropes of Carbon • Carbon nanofoam -consists of a low-density cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web.

  12. Allotropes of Carbon • Carbon nanobuds newly discovered allotrope of carbon in which fullerene like "buds" are covalently attached to the outer sidewalls of the carbon nanotubes. • Has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes

  13. Allotropes of Carbon • Lonsdaleite -hexagonal allotrope diamond. • Believed to form from graphite present in meteorites upon their impact to Earth. • Diamond but retains graphite's hexagonal crystal lattice.

  14. TASK • Summarise the main allotropes of carbon onto an A3 piece of paper, in a format of your choosing.

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