Cellular Respiration

1. Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

2. Engage • ATP Gun • Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) • Adenosine • Ribose Sugar • 3 Phosphates

4. Explore:Cellular Respiration Simulation • To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC.  See the diagram for the simulation layout.

5. Explore: • Muscle Fatigue • You will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.

6. Explain:Where do our cells get energy? • 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell • What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars? • Carbohydrates • Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy”

7. Overall Chemical Process C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy (ATP)

8. Cellular Respiration (3-stages) • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid

10. Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain

12. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

13. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

14. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

15. Where Cytoplasm • NO O2 required • Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP • 6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates • Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+ (nicotinamide dinucleotide)

16. In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH a net of 2 ATP Summary

17. Questions • Where does glycolysis take place? • Glycolysis energy yield? • Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

19. The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

20. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

21. Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Where mitochondria • Pyruvate (3-C)  Acetic acid (2-C) • 3rd C forms CO2 • Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA

22. In Pyruvate NAD CoA Out CO2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA Summary

23. What is releasing Energy with O2? • Aerobic respiration • Where In mitochondria

24. Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) • Where Mitochondrial matrix • Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e- • Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID • Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C • Gives off a CO2 molecule • NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e- • FAD becomes FADH2 • NAD+ becomes NADH + H+ • Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

25. Krebs Cycle

26. The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

27. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

28. ETC • Where inner membrane of mitochondria • Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP • O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O • Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration

29.  Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

30. Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Summary

31. Total ENERGY Yield • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle 2 ATP • ETC  32 ATP • Total 36 ATP

32. Elaboration • Respiration Lab • Three experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration

33. What happens if NO O2? • Cellular respiration process STOPS

34. Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP) Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy What is this energy molecule? ATP, ATP, ATP Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

36. Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen • Anaerobic Respiration • NO Additional ATP is Formed • NO O2 leads to Fermentation • Two Types • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation

37. Lactic Acid Fermentation • bacteria, plants and most animals • After glycolysis • 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid • Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise

39. Alcoholic Fermentation • Bacteria and fungi (yeast) • Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products • Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages • Also used to raise dough, bread

41. Cellular Respiration Review • Three Main Stages • Glycolysis (2 ATP) • Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP) • Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

42. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

43. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

44. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

45. The Krebs Cycle: Step 2 Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

46. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

47.  Electron Transport Chain: Step 3 Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

48. Evaluation • Cellular Respiration Concept Map