POST AND LINTEL

1. POST AND LINTEL Ma.CarlotaFermín 10-10238 Jorge Matheus 08-10712

2. CONTENT Introduction Definition History Post Bean Span Material Relations Cantilever Beans Failures Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION Building systems can be post-and-lintel, vaulted or internal structures. There are several ways to build according to the type and location. How to build depends on the technological level of the community that builds and the needs they manifest. In any case, the construction system uses by a community reflects part of his personality as the building is a way to transform the environment adapted to the human needs. Ever since man left the shelter that provided the cave, until now, there have been three different building systems: lintel, domed and internal structures.

4. DEFINITION • Is a simple construction method using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts. This architectural system and building method has been commonly used for centuries to support the weight of the structure located above the openings created by windows and doors in a bearing wall.

5. HISTORY • From prehistoric times to the Roman Empire, the post – and – lintel system • was the root of architectural design. The interiors of Egyptian temples and the • exteriors of Greek temples are delineated by columns covered by stone lintels. The • Greeks opened their interior spaces by substituting wooden beams for stone, since the • wood required fewer supports. The development of the arch and vault challenged the • system but could not diminish its importance either in masonry construction or in • wood framing, by its nature dependent on posts and beams

6. POST The job of the post is to support the lintel and its loads without crushing or buckling. Failure occurs, as in lintels, from excessive weakness or length, but the difference is that the material must be especially strong in compression. Stone, which has this property, is more versatile as a post than as a lintel; under heavy loads it is superior to wood but not to iron, steel, or reinforced concrete. Masonry post, including those of brick, may be highly efficient, since the loads compress the joints and add to their cohesiveness. Although monolithic stone columns are used, they are extravagant to produce for large structures, and columns are usually built up of a series of cylindrical blocks called drums.

7. BEAN Thejob of thebeamor lintel istobearloadsthatrestonit, alsoincludesitsownwheigth. -Thebeam has tobeableto do thiswithoutdeformor break BEAM or LINTEL load

8. Span-MaterialRelations Thespanbetweenthecolumnor post dependsonthebendingresistance of the material of thebeam. Stones are weak in bending, thespanitsmaller Steelisstrong in bending, so the use of steelbeam can produce greateropenings in a structure, such as barns.

9. Cantilever Beams A cantileverbeamits a beamthatisanchoredonly at oneend. Itisoftenused in architecturetoallowoverhangingstructureslikebuildingwithbalconies, bridges and more.

10. Failures Failureoccurswhenthe material is toweakorthespanistolongtosupportthe load. Thismakesthebeambendor break. Thisaspectcombinedwithothers can cause manystructural accidents, destroyingthestructure like a house of cards

11. CONCLUSION • Formprehistoric times, the post and lintel • Systemhas beenusedforallkinds ofstructures. • SincetheRoman and Egiptian temples tothe • evolution of frames and archs, the postand lintel • system has remained as thebasicidea.

12. CONCLUSION • Evennowmodernbuildings use a basicpost • Andlintel system idea. Theengineershad • combinedthesetwoelementstocreate a • mushroomcolumns.Thisiscolumnthat has a slab • at theendmakingit a columnwithsupportfuction • it canbecometheceiling of a structure.