Today’s Schedule – 05/05/10

1. Today’s Schedule – 05/05/10 • 28.3 Vocab, Timeline Check & Standards • 28.3 PPT: The Struggle Intensifies • Movie: Mississippi Burning • HW: • 28.4 Vocab and Timeline - TOMORROW • Email Ms. Hayden Website Address – TONIGHT • Supreme Court Case Analysis – FRIDAY • Warm-Up: What would you be willing to put up with to protect the freedoms of someone other than yourself?

2. Sit-Ins • Perfected by CORE • Would sit in a public place and wait to be served • Forced business owners to decide between disruption or potential loss of business • By 1960 70,000 people had participated and 3,600 had served jail time

4. Freedom Rides • CORE and SNCC would test whether businesses were upholding the Supreme Court decision in Boynton v. the State of Virginia in its decision that interstate buses and all according services desegregate

5. Violence Against Freedom Riders • First freedom ride left D.C. on May 4, 1961 • Encountered minor problems until it reached Anniston, AL were a mob surrounded one bus, slashed the bus tires, held the door shut and threw a firebomb into the bus • Although all escaped many were brutally beaten • Horrified by photographs of the event, Attorney General Robert Kennedy pledged federal support to the protestors

7. Integration of the University of Mississippi “Ole Miss” • In 1961 James Meredith applied to transfer from a state college to Ole Miss and was denied • With the help of the NAACP he filed a lawsuit against the college on the grounds that he was denied admission based on his race • The Supreme Court upheld his position • Mississippi Gov. Ross Barnett refused to comply with the Supreme Court’s decision

8. President JFK responded by sending in Federal Marshalls although the violence continued and resulted in the two deaths • JFK then ordered soldiers in to restore order • Meredith was ultimately admitted to Ole Miss and required the continued assistance of Federal Marshalls to ensure his safety

10. Protests in Birmingham, Alabama • Birmingham was 40% African American but considered by Martin Luther King, Jr. to be the most segregated city in America • In Spring of 1963 he planned a series of nonviolent protests in the city • Birmingham’s police commissioner “Bull” Connor was determined that the city remain segregated

11. Protest marches and sit-ins began • City officials obtained a court injunction stating that the protestors cease actions on the grounds that they were parading without a permit • King risked civil disobedience by continuing the protests and was arrested • When criticized by fellow white clergymen for actions King wrote his infamous “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

12. In his letter King disputed claims that his actions were ill timed claiming that African Americans had been told for too long to wait for justice and equality

13. Later in the same year it was decided that youths should join protest marches in Birmingham • Bull Connor directed the arrest of more than 900 youths using response tactics such as high pressure hoses, attack dogs and police beatings • The public was shocked by images from the march • Eventually an interracial committee was established to help desegregate the city