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Water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Distribution of body fluid. Most fluid is inside the cells Interstitial- spaces Blood plasma Lymph “ transcellular ” fluid What is fluid? Water and solutes Fluid moves between compartments. What is in the body fluid?.

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Water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

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  1. Water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

  2. Distribution of body fluid • Most fluid is inside the cells • Interstitial- spaces • Blood plasma • Lymph • “transcellular” fluid • What is fluid? • Water and solutes • Fluid moves between compartments

  3. What is in the body fluid?

  4. How does fluid move around? • Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid from plasma outward • Colloid osmotic pressure brings it back to the plasma

  5. Water balance: intake=output

  6. Electrolyte balance • What are they • Intake (dietary) • Output: • Normal body excretion • Hormones • Aldosterone • Parathyroid hormone • Active transport in kidneys

  7. Acid-base balance

  8. Buffers help prevent acid-base imbalance • Chemical buffer systems are present in blood • Physiological systems act more slowly

  9. What can cause acid-base imbalance?

  10. What are the symptoms of acid-base imbalance? • Acidosis • CNS shuts down • Breathing, circulation affected • Alkalosis • Dizziness • Agitation • Tingling sensations • Imbalances in other electrolytes can also cause disease • Sodium imbalance affects CNS; potassium, muscles

  11. Summary • Water and electrolyte balances are critical for homeostasis • Kidneys are especially important for “correcting” imbalances (the site of activity of many hormones) • Physical, chemical and endocrine mechanisms are all required

  12. Review question 1 • In the body, most of the water is located in the : • A. blood • B. lymphatic vessels • C. cells • D. in the spaces between the cells • E. It is evenly distributed throughout the body

  13. Review question 2 • On average, most water is lost from the body through: • A. Sweating • B. Urine • C. As a component of feces • D. Breathing water vapor • E. Tears

  14. Review question 3 • Which of these digestive organs does not absorb water? • A. Stomach • B. Small intestine • C. Large intestine • D. Esophagus • E. They all absorb water

  15. Review question 4 • Which of these is not an electrolyte? • A. Sodium • B. Glucose • C. Chloride • D. Bicarbonate • E. Potassium

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