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Echinodermata

Echinodermata. Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin, Heather Schlesier. http://www.dailywhatever.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/sea-cucumber-ga.jpg. Phylum. Echinoderms are slow-moving animals that only live in salt water A unique feature is the water vascular system

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Echinodermata

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  1. Echinodermata Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin, Heather Schlesier http://www.dailywhatever.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/sea-cucumber-ga.jpg

  2. Phylum • Echinoderms are slow-moving animals that only live in salt water • A unique feature is the water vascular system • The phylum Echinodermata contains 6 major classes: Asteroidea (sea stars), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), and Concentricycloidea (sea daises)

  3. Sample Animals A Brittle Star A Sea Star A Feather Star http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/data/media/1/feather-star-pattern_6081.jpg http://www.coral.org/files/images/7628-SeaStar.jpg http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Animalclassification/Polygenetic/phylogenetictree/Echinodermata/ophiuroidea.jpg

  4. A Sea Urchin A Sea Daisy 5 4 A Sea Cucumber 6 http://mollyobrown.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/red-sea-urchin.jpg http://www.palaeos.org/images/thumb/5/5a/Acanthaster_planci.jpg/340px-Acanthaster_planci.jpg http://www.reefseekers.com/PIXPAGES/Yap-Palau%20%2704/Grazing_sea_cucumber.jpg

  5. Body Cavity -are coelomates (posses a true coelom) -coelom (body cavity): a fluid-filled space that separates the digestive tract from the outer body wall -coelom is lined with mesoderm

  6. Body Symmetry • Adults have radial symmetry but it is a secondary adaptation (many equal parts radiate outward like the spokes of a wheel) • Echinoderm larvae have bilateral symmetry (can be divided into two equal halves)

  7. Nervous System • Echinoderms have a decentralized nervous system. • There is nervous tissue throughout the echinoderm connected by central nerve ring around its gut, but they have no real brain. • Some echinoderms instead have ganglia, which are large clusters of nerve cells .

  8. Water Vascular System • Unique to echinoderms it is a network of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tub feet that function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange

  9. Circulatory System

  10. Digestive System

  11. Excretory System • Excretion can be preformed through diffusion • Contains an anus on the top of the central disk

  12. Locomotion/ Musculature • Made possible by the water vascular system and tube feet • Sea Stars: undersurfaces of the arms have tube feet, adheres firmly to rocks or creeps along slowly as the tube feet extend, grip, contract, release, extend and grip again. • Made possible by a complex set of hydraulic and muscular actions creating or releasing suction. • Brittle Stars: serpentine lashing of their arms • Tube feet lack suckers so cannot grip

  13. Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars: don’t have arms, but do have 5 rows of tube feet that function in slow movement • Also have muscles that pivot their long spines that aids in movement • Sea Lilies and Feather Stars: Sea lilies live attached to the substrate by a stalk; feather stars crawl about by using their long flexible arms • Sea Cucumbers: have 5 rows of tube feet, some of the tube feet around the mouth are developed as feeding tentacles • Sea Daisies: they have armless bodies, not much is known about them

  14. Skeletal Type • A thin skin covers an endoskeleton of hard calcareous plates • Most echinoderms are prickly from skeletal bumps and spines

  15. Sensory Structures/Features • Regeneration allows some echinoderms to grow back lost arms or even full bodies • They have light and touch detecting cells but no sense organs • Starfish are an exception, they have eyespots on the tip of each ray for light detection • They do not have heads or a brain, instead they have a simple nervous system with a nerve net/ ring

  16. Reproduction • Sexual or asexual (regeneration) • Sexual reproduction usually involves separate male and female individuals that release their gametes into the water • Sea stars and some other echinoderms have the ability to regenerate • Sea stars can regrow lost arms, and one specific genus can regrow an entire body from a single arm

  17. Gas Exchange • Do not have a circulatory system • Exchange gas through diffusion • Diffusion is possible through the water vascular system • Structures: tube feet

  18. Other Unique Stuff • When feeding sea stars turn their stomachs inside out and then secretes juices to help it digest its prey • Current sea lilies are very similar to fossils of those that are 500 million years old: their evolution has been very conservative

  19. Which of the following do echnodermata contain? • Circulatory system • Exoskeleton • Endoskeleton • Nervous system

  20. What kind of symmetry do grown echinodermata have? • Bilateral • Symmetrical • Secondary radial

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