Progressive Era Changes

1. Progressive Era Changes Unit 7.1

2. Reasons of Reform • Protect social welfare • Promote moral improvement • Foster Efficiency • Economic Reform

3. Sources for Reform - I • World-wide Socialist Movement • Karl Marx Communist Manifesto effect • Income differences from Industrial Revolution • Labor Unions • Knights of Labor, AFL, IWW • African American groups • Niagara Movement and W.E.B. DuBois • Immigrant surge • Settlement Houses (Hull House and Jane Addams)

4. Sources for reform II • Media • Increase in newspapers and magazines • Political Machine Corruption Backlash • Tammany Hall, Stalwarts, Mugwumps, Populists • Disagreement with Social Darwinism • Corporations and Monopolies • Post Civil War Boom and Bust economy • Panics of 1873 and 1893, Coxey’s Army • Industrial Age Income gap • Robber Barons to Tenement Houses

5. How were the Progressives and Populist alike and different?

6. Muckrakers • Termed coined by Teddy Roosevelt for reported that exposed the wrong-doings in society • Many magazines such as McClure’sand Collier’s ran expose’ • Books that showed problems • Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser showed plight of single women in cities • The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens and How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis showed urban plight

7. Famous Muckrakers • Ida Tarbell • History of the Standard Oil Company (1902) • Against monopolies • Why? • Upton Sinclair • The Jungle (1906) • About the meat-packing industry and against idea of caveat emptor • Two laws directly related: • Meat Inspection Act 1906 • Pure Food and Drug Act 1906

8. Social Gospel Effects • The idea of assisting the Economically or Socially disadvantaged • Main leaders: White middle-class protestant women • Involved in new Social Science fields and Social Work • Would be key in several movements during the Progressive era • Antimonopoly • Suffrage • Temperance • Settlement House movement • Many in leadership roles

9. African-Americans • Booker T. Washington – idea of self-help • Tuskegee Institute • Atlanta Compromise • W.E.B. DuBois – push for civil rights • Niagara movement and start of the NAACP • Marcus Garvey – 1920s, separation idea emerges • Guinn v. U.S. case – made Grandfather Clause illegal • But was there much support from the WASPs? • Was the Progressive movement actually bad for black Americans?

10. Suffrage Movement • Background • Seneca Falls Convention and Declaration of Sentiments • Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in the 1800s • Women’s Universities • Western Women ability to vote • National American Women Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA) • Carrie Chapman Catt • National Women’s Party • Alice Paul • Later pushes for ERA - _____ _____ ____ • 19th Amendment (1920) • How did women end up voting?

11. Labor Changes • Unions push for safety • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 1911 – 146 killed • Taylorism / Scientific Management • Idea of efficiency • Henry Ford and the assembly line • Child Labor • (Mother) Mary Jones • Keating –Owen Act (1916) • Later overturned by S.C., but impact felt • More mandatory schooling

12. Temperance • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Frances Willard • 18th Amendment • Passes in 1920 • Volstead Act • Enforcement of Amendment • Why approved? • Any aspect with immigrants?

13. Reflection Questions • What was the background to all the changes that took place in the Progressive movement? • Can some of the Progressive Movement changes be traced to race and how? • Why and how were women involved in the Progressive Movement changes? • How did muckrakers make an impact and what are some examples of the changes?

14. Links • http://soomopublishing.com/suffrage/ - parody • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y50PAM_XtD4&feature=related – another parody • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhVRINlnvIQ&feature=related – another suffrage parody • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp3Qt7s7z5E&feature=relmfu – Review lesson