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Visit by Government Officials from Mozambique COLUMBIA RIVER SYSTEM BRIEFING I

Visit by Government Officials from Mozambique COLUMBIA RIVER SYSTEM BRIEFING I U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Northwestern Division North Pacific Water Management Portland, Oregon 15-16 October 2001. Physical Settings 4 th largest in North America

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Visit by Government Officials from Mozambique COLUMBIA RIVER SYSTEM BRIEFING I

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  1. Visit by Government Officials from Mozambique COLUMBIA RIVER SYSTEM BRIEFING I U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Northwestern Division North Pacific Water Management Portland, Oregon 15-16 October 2001

  2. Physical Settings • 4th largest in North America • F= 259,000 mi2 (669,500 km2); 219 in 7 states + 39.5 in Canada • Source in B.C. ; L= 1,214 mi. (1,950 km) • Sub-basins: Upper-C; mid-C; Snake; Willamette • Climate: winter (wet, mild); summer (dry, warm) • Temperature: maritime Jan36-Jul62 (2-17C) to desert (Jan32-Jul76) • Precip: 6 - 180 “(150 – 4600 mm); max. in winter • Snow: 400 “(10,000 mm) in fall - early spring • Evaporation: 35 – 55 “ (900-1,400mm) • Runoff (Cascade: East=snow; West=rain) • Annual Runoff at The Dalles : Min=78 maf; Ave=134 maf (165xKm3); 189 kcfs (5,400 m3/s); Wet=193 maf • Peak Floods, kcfs (UnReg/Reg): 1948:1,101/1,010; 1972:1,053/618; 1974:1,007/588; STP:1,560/850; PMF:2,720/2,120

  3. Mozambique Data Area: 801,000 km2 (309,000 mi2) ( 1 mi2=2.59 km2) - Ann.Hydro. n: 2x109 Kwh - Cahora Bassa Reservoir: 52 x 109 m3 (42.1 maf); 2,070 MW Inst. Cap. - Cariba Reservoir (Zimbabwe): 76 maf; 1,300 mw Inst. Cap. - Zambezi River: 2,740 km (1,700mi)

  4. SIZE COMPARISON MOZAMBIQUE 801,000 km2 COLUMBIA BASIN 669,500 km2 ((309,000 mi2 vs. 259,000 mi2)

  5. Daily Flows at The Dalles

  6. Major Columbia River Benefits HYDROPOWER: serves up to 80% of electricity in NW ; inexpensive, renewable, efficient; Al, food processing, plutonium, aerospace, mining FLOOD CONTROL: since ’48, uses 39.7 Maf of storage; winter (rain) and spring/summer (snowmelt+rain) floods; levels; floodwalls, bank protection, land use regulation. NAVIGATION: 17 x 106 tons; 465 mi waterways (106 mi @40’; 359 mi @ 14’); 8 locks, open river channel, year-long navigation IRRIGATION: use 6% ann. runoff; 8x106 acres (33,400 km2); major centers: Grand Coulee/Banks Lake, and Upper Snake RECREATION: fishing, swimming, camping, water skiing, rafting, boating, sightseeing. (1 Maf = 1.23 Km3)

  7. Major Columbia Reservoirs Mica (Canadian) 12.0 Arrow (Canadian) 7.4 Duncan (Canadian) 1.4 Libby 5.0 Hungry Horse 3.1 Grand Coulee 5.2 Dworshak 2.0 Others 5.9 Total Useable Storage 42.0 maf Average Annual Runoff Volume (The Dalles) 134.0 maf (1 Maf = 1.23 Km3)

  8. Storage Volume vs. Runoff

  9. Northwest Power System Firm Generating Resources Resource aMW Percent Firm Hydro 11,853 56 Coal 5,750 27 Combustion Turbine 2,070 10 Nuclear 880 4 Wind 23 <1 Other 60 <1 Biomass 520 2 Total Resources 21,156 100 Conservation (since 1980) 1,200 (6% of 21,156)

  10. Flows & Electricity Demand

  11. Natural & Regulated Flows

  12. Col. River Basin Water Resources Development • Pre-1930’s: single-purpose dams only. Mainstem: Rock Island (1932) • Post 1930’s: first multi-purpose: Bonneville, ‘33; Grand Coulee, ‘35 • Bonneville Power Administration to market energy generated (1937) • After World War II: major dams (McNary, Chief Joseph, The Dalles, Hungry Horse) • 1950’s: “No new starts”, then John Day (1959), Libby, Dworshak, and Lower Snake dams, and non-Federal dams (after 1956) • 1964: Columbia River Treaty and Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement; NW-SW high voltage transmission NOTES: • Total Capacity of 75 Corps dams is 20,700 Mw. The 10 largest of those dams (12,000 Mw) are in Northwestern Division. • The Corps is the prime Federal agency in charge of flood control.

  13. US Dams and Canadian Treaty Projects

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