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Changing Canada

Changing Canada. Immigration and Industrialisation. Dominion Land Act 1872 and the Open Door Policy. The Dominion Lands Act encouraged settlement of Canada's prairie provinces. based on the US Homestead Act.

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Changing Canada

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  1. Changing Canada Immigration and Industrialisation

  2. Dominion Land Act 1872 and the Open Door Policy • The Dominion Lands Act encouraged settlement of Canada's prairie provinces. • based on the US Homestead Act. • Clifford Sifton (Minister of the Interior) in 1896, decided on an “Open Door” immigration policy. • Sifton wanted farmers to settle the Prairies • avoided recruiting urban workers. • First, he pinpointed desirable countries – US, Britain, and Northern Europe. • Everyone else was discouraged from immigrating.

  3. Open Door Policy • Desirable countries were flooded with advertising. • promised free land in the “Last, Best West” • promoted Canada as the “last frontier” and the land of opportunity. • Thousands came over • 1905 - Frank Oliverbecame Minister of the Interior. • In 1910, he changed the Immigration Act to slow down immigration of non-English speaking immigrants.

  4. Changes in the East • Quebec • The economy here grew in much the same way as Ontario • Hydroelectricity, mining, factories and cities expanded • traditional rural (agricultural) French culture was felt to be slipping away • many moved to larger cities. • Growth in the fear of loss of culture and language • Quebeckers felt trapped between a fight to save their culture and adopting English ways to get ahead in the business world.

  5. Manitoba 1881

  6. Manitoba 1910

  7. Calgary 1881

  8. Calgary 1910

  9. Changes in the East • Ontario • Northern Ontario was opening up with mining • Western Ontario was full (farming) • Southern Ontario changed dramatically • Factories replaced cottage industries • jobs involving hard labour, long hours, low pay… • Working conditions were poor • No job security & unemployment was common. • This wages low • Employers worked hard to stop any attempts at creating labour unions. • Job instability was complicated by the huge flow of immigrants. Many were desperate for work.

  10. Changes in the East • Maritimes • Some places like Cap Breton experienced growth as the coal and steel industries grew. • Dominion Steel Company • Truck System – owned house, store in which workers had to live and shop – pay company prices • Rest of the region stagnated as the age of sail wound down – ship building towns started to decline – Windsor / Lunenburg • Some migrated to New England or worked there for part of the year.

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