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Session 02 Network Components

Session 02 Network Components. Technology and Management. What are the technologies that need to managed? Challenges of technological progress on network management. Computer Network Technology. Network comprises Nodes Links Topology: How they’re configured LAN WAN. LAN.

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Session 02 Network Components

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  1. Session 02 Network Components

  2. Technology and Management • What are the technologies that need to managed? • Challenges of technological progress on network management

  3. Computer Network Technology • Network comprises • Nodes • Links • Topology: How they’re configured • LAN • WAN

  4. LAN • Type of LANs • Ethernet • Fast Ethernet • Gigabit Ethernet • Half-duplex vs Full-duplex • Switched Ethernet • VLAN • Token ring • FDDI • ATM / LANE

  5. WAN • Facilities / Media • Wired: Copper, Coaxial, Fiber • Wireless: Terrestrial, Satellite • Mode: Digital, Analog • Services: POTS, ISDN, Broadband

  6. Nodes • Hubs • Bridges/Remote bridges • Routers • Gateways • Switches

  7. Dial-up External Router Gateway Network Network Switched ATM Hub Hub Switch Bridge External Remote Workstation Hub Router Hub Network Bridge Network Node Components • Hub • Bridge, Remote bridge • Router, Gateway • Switch

  8. ATM ATM ATM Switch Local LAN External LAN Ethernet Routing Filter Ethernet Packets Packets Bridge Local Network External Network Routing Filter IP Packets IP Packets Router IP X.25 Format Network Network change Packets Packets Gateway Basic Network Nodes

  9. DTE DTE DTE Ethernet DTE DTE Basic LAN Topologies • Bus topology • Used in Ethernet LAN family • Common shared medium • Randomized access (CSMA/CD) • Easy to implement • Lower utilization under heavy traffic 30%-40% • Single culprit could effect the entire LAN

  10. DTE DTE DTE DTE Basic LAN Topologies • Ring Topology • Used in token ring and FDDI • Shared medium • Deterministic access • Master DTE has control • High utilization >90%

  11. DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE DTE Ethernet Hub Token Ring Hub Star & Hybrid LAN Topologies • Star topology used with bus and ring topology • Hub is “LAN in a box” • What does the electronic LAN inside the box look like? • Why has hub become so popular?

  12. N1 N2 N2 N3 N5 N6 N3 N1 N4 N4 N5 N6 Mesh Topology Tree Topology WAN Topologies • Mesh topology • Implemented in network layer level • Multiple paths between nodes • Flat topology, Redundancy, Load balancing, Shortest path • Tree topology • Used with Ethernet bridges • Hierarchical • Efficient for small networks and, special purpose networks

  13. Transmission Technology Medium Mode Wired Wireless Digital Analog WAN LAN LAN Transmission Technology Mobile Satellite • Physical transport media • UTP • Coax • Fiber • Terrestrial wireless • Satellite transmission

  14. channel 1 channel 2 Channel channel 30 Time Division Time Multiplexing (TDM) Bandwidth User 30 User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 Time E1 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Transmission Bandwidth Cell Multiplexing User 1 User 2 User 3 User 15 User 1 User 3 User 4 User 15 User 1 User 4 Time Cell Transmission (ATM) Transmission Modes

  15. Ethernet 10Mbps FDDI 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100Mbps ATM 155.52 Mbps Gigabit E’Net 1 Gbps ATM STM-n LAN Data Rate

  16. DTE DTE DTE DTE Patch Panel Hub Wiring Closet Hubs • Hub is a platform • Function dependent on what is housed • LAN (Bus/Ethernet) • Switched LAN (Ethernet) • Bridge

  17. Hub 1 To DTEs Backplane Interconnection Hub 2 Stacked Hubs • Hub ports can be scaled up using stacked hubs • Stacked hub • extend back plane • connected as daisy chain

  18. DTE DTE DTE DTE Switched hub DTE DTE DTE DTE Switched Ethernet • Maximum throughput increased ~N/2 in N-port hub • Snooping capability lost for management

  19. Server 100 Mbps Switched hub 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps Workstation Workstation Workstation Client/Server Using Switched Hub

  20. Network B Network A Router Protocol P Protocol P Protocol interface TP TP NP NP NP NP DP DP' DP DP' Phy Phy Phy' Phy' Physical medium A Physical medium B Router • Routes packets between nodes of similar network protocols • Routing table used to route packets • DLC and Physical layers could be different under the same common network layer protocol

  21. Network A Network B Gateway Protocol P Protocol Q Protocol interface TP TP NP' NP NP' DP DP' DP' DP Phy Phy' Phy Phy' Physical medium Gateway NP • Gateway is router connecting two networks with dissimilar network protocols • Gateway does the protocol conversion at the network layer • Protocol converter does the conversion at the application layer

  22. Pkt1 Pkt2 Pkt3 Pkt2 Pkt1 B Pkt3 Pkt2 Pkt1 Pkt3 A DTE A D DTE Z C Virtual Circuit Configuration Switched Networks • Switches are embedded in bridges and routers • Switched network used in WAN • Two types of switched networks • Circuit-switched • Packet-switched • Datagram service • Virtual circuit

  23. Pkt3 Pkt2 Pkt3 Pkt1 Pkt3 Pkt2 Pkt1 Pkt1 B Pkt2 Pkt2 DTE A A D DTE Z Pkt2 C Datagram Configuration Switched Networks

  24. Broadband Services Residential Residential Broadband Broadband Customer Customer Access Access Network Network Service SDH WAN Gateway Providers Campus STM-n STM-n Campus ATM / LAN ATM / LAN Network Network

  25. Broadband Services • Integrated services: Voice, video, and data • Narrow band ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) • Basic rate:2B + D (B channel 64 kbps and D channel 16 kbps • Primary rate: 23B + D channels • Broadband Services • ATM • SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) • Access technologies: • HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) / Cable modem • ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

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