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The Key to Women’s Employment: Education

Hakan Ercan Middle East Technical University TOBB Presentation December 2012. The Key to Women’s Employment: Education. Salient facts for Turkey. Labor force participation rate in Turkey is around 50%. Women’s LFPR was 28% in September 2012, highest ever. Why? Lack of education!

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The Key to Women’s Employment: Education

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  1. Hakan Ercan Middle East Technical University TOBB Presentation December 2012 The Key to Women’s Employment:Education

  2. Salient facts for Turkey • Labor force participation rate in Turkey is around 50%. • Women’s LFPR was 28% in September 2012, highest ever. • Why? • Lack of education! • Not only women’s education, men’s education! • Outside of large metropolitan areas, non-economic dynamics are at work.

  3. Labour Force Participation Rates

  4. Provincial Labor Force Statistics, 2009 (TÜİK)

  5. Rural-urban migration is still going on: Most migrants are young. Almost all had five years of schooling, until recently.

  6. International cross-country data: • Women’s (25-44 year-olds) LFPR against GDP per capita in PPP:

  7. Turkey projections • We are 15 points below than what we must be, given our per capita income.

  8. Francisco H. G. Ferreira, The World BankConversations in Istanbul and Ankara, June 2008

  9. Not only consumption, but life itself: Even if we accept inequalities attributable to personal responsibility as fair, there remain huge inequalities due to morally-irrelevant circumstances beyond the control of individuals.

  10. ... And work (factors for first job transition, 25-29 year-olds)

  11. Flexicurity? • Not so sure anymore (after Spain during the recent crisis). Not with occupational segregation, low wages, and informal employment. • Daycare? Safe public transportation? • Yes, but ... In Istanbul and Ankara and a few other cities. • Gaziantep? Konya? Mardin?

  12. LFPR by education levels (%)

  13. Monthly earnings by year, sex, and sector (non-agriculture)

  14. Women’s Earnings Profiles: Age and Education

  15. Thank you.

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