Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering

1. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Chancellor’s Conference University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign American Institutions in a Demographically Changing World James H. Johnson, Jr. Howard University April 10-11, 2001

2. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Howard University • Founded in 1867 • Named for General Oliver Otis Howard • First Students • Freed slaves • White women • Native Americans

3. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Dimensions of Diversity Age Ethnicity, gender Physical abilities/qualities, race Sexual orientation, educational background Geographic location, income, marital status Military experience, parental status, religion Work experience and job classification

4. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Three Postulates to Embracing Diversity • Education shapes the minds of young people • An ideal workforce is inclusive and diverse • Diversity increases productivity

5. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Unequals • Affirmative Action – eliminates present effects of past discrimination • Equal Opportunity – ensures equal access to jobs, housing, etc. • Diversity – maximizes the potential of all, therefore exploits our self interest

6. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering The Past The Present The Future

7. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering • Percent in population • All S&E degrees • Science degrees minus biological and social sciences and psychology • Engineering degrees only ---------------------------------------- • Science and Engineering Indicators-1996, National Science Board, NSF 1996 • Women and Minorities and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering:1998, NSF 99-87

8. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Strategies to Increase Minority Engineering Graduates • Pre-college summer and evening programs • Rising freshmen bridge programs • Teacher training programs

9. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Lessons Learned from the Past • Importance of K-12 math and science education • Need for role models • Money is important for minorities to go to college

10. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering K-12 Outreach Organizations ACE METCON MESA FUTURE Cities SECME JETS NACME FIRST

11. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering The Past The Present The Future

12. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Degrees to Minorities Degree typePercent of Degrees Awarded 1989 1997 Bachelor 10 15 Doctorate 5 7 Scientist and Engineers for the New Millennium: Renewing the Human Resources, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, March 2001

13. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering If necessity is the mother of invention, then collaboration may well be the mother of diversity

14. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Elements of the UMBC Meyerhoff Scholarship Program • Using the smartest science and humanities faculty to work with the students • Keeping the program at the core of the university • Thinking about how they teach first-year students • Working in groups • Mentoring • Improving by analyzing successes and failures

15. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering National Assessment of Educational Programs Math Percent at or above proficiency level at Given Grade Level 4th 8th 12th White 28 31 20 African American 5 4 4 Hispanic 8 9 6 American Indian 8 13 3 Upping the Numbers: Using Research-Based Decision-Making to Increase the Diversity in the Quantitative Disciplines by P. Campbell, E. Jollard and L. Hoey. A Report Commissioned by the GE Fund, July 2001.

16. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering The Georgia Tech Model to Increase # of Engineering Graduates • K-12 EMERGE: schools + faith- based institutions + technology • B.S. Dual Degree Programs • M.S./PhD. FOCUS: importance of graduate education

17. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering The Past The Present The Future

18. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Math, Science and Engineering – New Workers via Parity Current Level % of Workforce % of Pop New jobs White Woman 340,300 13.3 37.2 611,516 African Americans 85,200 3.3 12.1 227,200 Hispanic 78,100 3.0 11.0 208,266 American Indian 5,900 0.2 0.7 14,750 >1,000,000 NSF,2000, Appendix Table 5-3

19. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Women are less likely than men to select MSE majors, while African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to have the prerequisites to enroll in MSE major.

20. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Diversity Planning Principles • Accountability • Inclusiveness • Shared responsibility • Evaluation • Institutionalization Diversity Blueprint: A Planning Model for Colleges and Universities, Association of American Colleges and Universities, 1998

21. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Steven B. Sample, President of the University of Southern California writes, “…the advantages of real diversity are usually worth the pain and costs involved.…organizations that contain a wide variety of people working together toward a common goal are much tougher and resilient.”

22. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Closing Remarks

23. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Diversity Gordian’s Knot • Immigration quotas • Legal challenges to affirmative action to increase diversity • Best methods for attracting and educating the minority and women pools to enter MSE programs • Forecasts for demand and supply in MSE disciplines

24. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Future Questions for Us to Resolve • How do we encourage the belief in all that MSE are important endeavors? • What pedagogical changes are required? • What barriers outside of the K-12 classroom do we need to remove? • How can institutions of higher education foster open, truly caring environments? • How can we get and keep role models in higher education in the MSE disciplines?

25. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering CLOSING REMARKS • Higher Education must support the educational requirements of all students • Higher Education must teach all students about MSE • Higher Education must prepare K-12 teachers to teach MSE • Higher Education must embrace all students pursuing MSE degrees

26. Diversity in the World of Math, Science and Engineering Thank You