REVIEW FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST

1. REVIEW FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2

2. REVIEW FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST INSTRUCTIONS: Go through the slides and answer each question in the packet; the slide numbers are listed for each question

3. A government is the institution through which a state (a country or nation) makes and enforces laws that run the state

4. A “state” is a body of people living in a defined territory; they are organized politically and are able to independently make and enforce laws Each of the clearly defined territories on this map of modern Europe is a state

5. A constitution is the plan of government that establishes the basic structure, powers, and duties of the government

6. An autocracy is a system of government in which a single person holds unlimited political power

7. Divine right is the view that God granted those of royal birth the right to rule their people

8. A democracy is a form of government in which the supreme authority to exercise power rests with the people of the state

9. Politics is the struggle among groups with differing ideologies to control or influence the conduct and policies of a government

10. The term “sovereignty” refers to the supreme and absolute authority of a state within its territorial borders

11. A “sovereign state” has the authority to determine its own form of government; no outside state decides this for another sovereign state For example, when America was Britain’s 13 Colonies, America was NOT “sovereign”; Britain had “sovereignty” here After the British were defeated in the Revolutionary War, however, the American colonies became states and had sovereignty

12. The unitary system is a form of government in which all the key powers are given to a national or central government

13. An oligarchy is a type of government where a small number of elite hold the power

14. The “Framers” refers to the framers of the U.S. Constitution, a group of delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention

15. The formation of the United States’ government was most influenced by the “social contract” theory of the Enlightenment (most notably, the ideas of John Locke)

16. This chart illustrates the three levels of a federal government in Australia A federal government divides power between a central government and several state-level, regional-level, and local-level governments

17. The form of government the United States has is a representative democracy (also known as a “republic”), NOT a direct democracy

18. In a representative democracy, voters express their approval or disapproval of the actions of public officials by casting ballots in elections

19. A “confederation” is an alliance of virtually independent states loosely joined together for a common purpose For example, 39 different German-speaking states formed the German Confederation in the early 1800s; they would fully unite to form the nation-state of Germany in 1871

20. Most governments have three basic types of power: legislative (makes laws), executive (carries out laws), and judicial (evaluates laws)

21. The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt by the former colonies (which became the new United States) to unite under a government

22. The Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses; these weaknesses resulted in bickering among the states and economic chaos

23. Federalists supported the ratification of the new Constitution because they favored a strong central government; Federalists felt the Articles of Confederation made the government too weak

24. Anti-Federalists opposed ratifying the new Constitution because they feared a strong central government would take away individual freedoms; they wanted a Bill of Rights that would guard individual freedoms

25. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote a collection of 85 essays called the “Federalist Papers” in support of the new Constitution

26. The English developed three types of colonies in America: royal, proprietary, and charter

27. A unicameral legislature (lawmaking body) is a single-house body

28. A bicameral legislature (lawmaking body) has two houses

29. The British policy that most upset the American colonists was being taxed by England without any American colonists representing the colonies in Parliament Their slogan became: “No taxation without representation”

30. The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights are among the English documents that helped shape the government of the American colonies

31. The Declaration of Independence (when the American colonists announced their break from Britain) was signed on July 4th, 1776

32. Under the Articles, Congress had no power to tax and could not raise money, which made Congress go deeply into debt

33. The main goal of the Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention) was to create a new government that had greatly expanded powers and the ability to enforce its decisions

34. James Madison became known as the “Father of the Constitution” because he contributed more than anyone to the Convention and to the document itself

35. The most heated debate between large states and small states at the Constitutional Convention was over HOW the states would be represented in Congress

36. The Virginia Plan called for a two-house Congress with representation of both houses based on population

37. The New Jersey Plan called for equal representation in Congress (one vote per state) and benefited the smaller states

38. The Great Compromise (also known as the Connecticut Compromise) solved the dispute over representation in Congress

39. The Slave Trade Compromise (also known as the Commerce Compromise) prevented Congress from taxing exports or abolishing the slave trade for at least twenty years

40. A mixed economy is when private enterprise exists in combination with some government regulation

41. A presidential government features separation of powers between executive and legislative branches

42. During Colonial times, to gain the right to vote, one had to be (1) White (2) male (3) a property owner

43. The Stamp Act Congress was the group that sent King George III the Declaration of Rights and Grievances that protested the new British policies (this was the first time the colonies opposed Britain)

44. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

45. When the colonists from England arrived in America, they brought the English idea of an ordered, limited, and representative form of government with them

46. IF YOU HAVE CORRECTLY ANSWERED ALL OF THE QUESTIONS ON YOUR REVIEW PACKET, YOU WILL BE READY FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST

47.  Originally created by Christopher Jaskowiak Assisted by Josh Allen