1 / 61

The Digestive System

The Digestive System. http://www.creeksidechiropt.com/images/clipart/food.gif. Divisions of the digestive system. The digestive system is divided into two main groups: 1). The alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) 2). The accessory organs.

ilori
Download Presentation

The Digestive System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Digestive System http://www.creeksidechiropt.com/images/clipart/food.gif

  2. Divisions of the digestive system • The digestive system is divided into two main groups: 1). The alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) 2). The accessory organs

  3. http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/500694/CDA40_1.jpghttp://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/500694/CDA40_1.jpg

  4. Steps of food processing • 1). Ingestion - Taking food into system • 2). Mechanical digestion - Breakdown of food by mechanical means (i.e. mastication) • 3). Propulsion - Movement of food involving swallowing and peristalsis

  5. http://vieillemontagne.free.fr/digestion/garcon.gif

  6. 4). Chemical digestion - Breakdown of food by enzymes • 5). Absorption - Transport of food from cavity (lumen) to blood or lymph • 6). Defecation - Elimination of indigestible material from body

  7. http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/ThroatAnatomy.jpghttp://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/ThroatAnatomy.jpg

  8. Food processing • Mouth - receives food, breaks it down into smaller pieces through mastication. Saliva moistens food, helps to break it down. • Palate forms roof of oral cavity. Hard, bony part - hard palate; muscular part - soft palate.

  9. http://images.webmd.com/images/hw/media65/medical/hw/nd551248.jpghttp://images.webmd.com/images/hw/media65/medical/hw/nd551248.jpg

  10. When swallowing - muscles draw soft palate and uvula upwards, closing opening between pharynx and nasal cavity so food does not go into nose.

  11. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/otolaryngology/Tour_images/swallowing.gifhttp://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/otolaryngology/Tour_images/swallowing.gif

  12. Cleft palate • Occurs when soft palate does not close during fetal development. • Result - space in palate that prevents child from feeding well - chokes or gags on food. • Surgery repairs the hole.

  13. http://www.associatedplasticsurgeons.com/images/Cleft/cleft_17.gifhttp://www.associatedplasticsurgeons.com/images/Cleft/cleft_17.gif

  14. Accessory organs • ATongue - skeletal fibers that allow it to move. Provides for mixing of food the ability to speak. • BTeeth - mastication: deciduous teeth are your baby teeth and permanent teeth are your adult teeth.

  15. Incisors - cutting food, the canines are used for tearing, and the premolars and molars are used for grinding.

  16. http://www.caribbeanedu.com/images/kewl/teeth.gif

  17. http://users.hol.gr/~jelian/images/tooth1.jpg

  18. CSalivary glandssecrete saliva into the mouth. • Salivary amylase - breaks down carbohydrates. • Stimulated by nerves from brain when you smell, taste, see, or think about food.

  19. http://www.waycross.edu/faculty/gcook/anatomy/alimentary/major%20salivary%20glands.jpghttp://www.waycross.edu/faculty/gcook/anatomy/alimentary/major%20salivary%20glands.jpg

  20. DPharynx - transports food from oral cavity to the esophagus. • 3 sections to pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx.

  21. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/respir/pharynx.jpg

  22. http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/epiglottis.gif

  23. EEsophagus-food tube that connects your mouth to your stomach.

  24. http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/esophagus%5B1%5D.gifhttp://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/esophagus%5B1%5D.gif

  25. Sphincter not closing – gastric juice backs up. • Causes heartburn; irritates esophagus.

  26. http://www.riverregion.com/CPM/heartburn.jpg

  27. FStomach – Temporary storage place for food. • Folds (rugae) in stomach stretch when food enters.

  28. http://www.daviddarling.info/images/stomach.jpg

  29. Stomach functions – 1mechanical digestion – churning and mixing breaks food down. • 2Chemical digestion – pepsin (enzyme) secreted in inactive form (pepsinogen).

  30. Ulcers – mucous layer not enough to protect against pepsin and HCl. • Results in holes in stomach. • Now treated with antibiotics (caused by bacteria H. pylori).

  31. http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/gastric-stomach-ulcers-345200.jpghttp://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/gastric-stomach-ulcers-345200.jpg

  32. 3Absorption – some materials absorbed across stomach lining. • 4Propulsion – peristalsis moves food through stomach.

  33. GPancreas - secretes pancreatic juice into duct (pancreatic duct). • Pancreatic duct merges with common bile duct from liver. • Pancreas secretes juice that helps digest proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids.

  34. http://www.massgeneral.org/cancer/crr/types/gi/illustrations/images/pancreas.jpghttp://www.massgeneral.org/cancer/crr/types/gi/illustrations/images/pancreas.jpg

  35. HLiver – upper right side of abdominal cavity. • Functions in production of bile for fat absorption and digestion.

  36. http://www.livercancer.com/images/anterior.liver.gif

  37. http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/hep/graphics/gallbladder1.jpghttp://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/hep/graphics/gallbladder1.jpg

  38. Liver also removes toxic materials from bloodstream by changing composition. • Cirrhosis of liver – liver becomes hardened, cannot perform functions due to excessive toxins.

  39. http://www.reboundhangover.com/images/Horrors-Cirrhosis-lg.jpghttp://www.reboundhangover.com/images/Horrors-Cirrhosis-lg.jpg

  40. IGallbladder - associated with liver – stores, concentrates bile from liver. • Emulsification – bile breaks apart clumps of fat into tiny molecules. • Hardened bile can become stones and get stuck in gallbladder (gallstones)

  41. http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/ahd/jpg/A4gallbl.jpg

  42. JSmall intestine – 1duodenum – receives chyme from stomach; 2jejunum – connects duodenum to 3ileum – terminal portion of small intestine.

  43. http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/admin/tour/13125/13125smintestineapple.jpghttp://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/admin/tour/13125/13125smintestineapple.jpg

  44. http://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/villi.jpghttp://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/villi.jpg

  45. Functions – 1Chemical digestion – uses mixture of bile and enzymes to break food down further. • 2Absorption – nutrients absorbed in large quantities. • 3Propulsion – moves liquid towards large intestine.

  46. http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/Images/small-intestine_tcm75-26441.gifhttp://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/Images/small-intestine_tcm75-26441.gif

  47. Lactose intolerance – some people do not produce lactase (enzyme to break down sugar in milk products) • Result is cramping as material is pushed into large intestine undigested.

  48. http://allergyadvisor.com/Educational/images/lactose%20intol%20cow50.jpghttp://allergyadvisor.com/Educational/images/lactose%20intol%20cow50.jpg

More Related