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The Road to War and U.S. Neutrality

11.1 and 11.2. The Road to War and U.S. Neutrality. Europe had Times of Peace. About 30 plus years, which to Europe was a lot. Nationalism and Militarism. Tensions rose however Nationalism : belief your nation is the superior country

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The Road to War and U.S. Neutrality

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  1. 11.1 and 11.2 The Road to War and U.S. Neutrality

  2. Europe had Times of Peace • About 30 plus years, which to Europe was a lot

  3. Nationalism and Militarism • Tensions rose however • Nationalism: belief your nation is the superior country • Militarism: military spending dominates your nation’s economy to gain power • IMPERIALISM was spreading

  4. Germany • Otto von Bismarck was really increasing military spending • Created other European nations to get nervous and do the same

  5. Balkans • “Powdered keg” • Some Austrian-Hungary nations were not nationalistic (Serbs and Slavs) • Tensions in the area was brewing and boiling

  6. Balance of Power Started to Form • Sense of nervousness that war was inevitable • Alliances were formed in Europe

  7. Alliances • Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • **Italy • Triple Entente • Britain • France • Russia

  8. Balkan Tensions • Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina that were independent • Slavs were angry because they wanted them to be allied with Serbia

  9. Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Heir to throne of Austria-Hungary • Visited Bosnia and Herzegovina • Him and his wife were assassinated by a Serb nationalist • This lit the Balkan fuse • WAR IS DECLARED!!

  10. Alliances • Central Powers • Austria –Hungary • Germany • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers • Britain • France • Russia • **Italy

  11. Germany Thought this would be Easy • 6 months tops (4+ years; 1914-1919) • Attack France before Russia can help • Belgians however, fought Germany hard allowing France and Britain to establish themselves

  12. Fighting Fierce • After the first few battles of the war, all sides knew the war was going to be a lot longer than previously expected

  13. War Strategies • Trench Warfare • Deep ditches that were like road ways • “No-Man’s Land:” fighting between trenches where most of fighting took place

  14. Poisonous Gas • Gas-masks used

  15. Submarines • U-Boats (Germany)

  16. Tanks • Heavy damage • Hard to maneuver

  17. Airplanes • First as spies • Then added machine guns

  18. Machine Guns • Fire 600 rounds of ammo/minute

  19. Many Casualties • Points were 138 deaths/hour

  20. Wilson and U.S. Neutrality • Pushed for peace his entire first term in Europe • Isolationism

  21. Pressure Builds • Many Americans took sides however • Mainly sided with Allied Powers

  22. Americans want Trade • Trade ships were supposed to be allowed, but German U-Boats would often interfere • Germany kept apologizing

  23. Lusitania • British passenger liner attacked that contained 128 Americans out of 2000 • Germany warned Americans not to travel in war zone

  24. Sussex Pledge • French passenger ship sunk by Germany • Sussex Pledge: Wilson threatened to end diplomatic relations

  25. Wilson Narrowly Wins Re-Election • People thought he could keep us out of war • His push for peace angered some Allied Powers because they thought Germany started this and needed to admit guilt

  26. Germany still at it • Violated Sussex Pledge • Fitted American trade ships with guns

  27. Zimmerman Note • German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman tried to form an alliance with Mexico and they would help get them land back that U.S. took (NM, TX, AZ)

  28. U.S. Joined War • April 6th, 1917 • U.S. declares war on Germany

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