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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Energy comes from the sun. Autotroph. Organisms that use light from sun to produce food Make their own food. Heterotroph. Organism that gets energy from food it consumes. Energy. Light Heat Electricity Chemical . Chemical Energy.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis Energy comes from the sun

  2. Autotroph • Organisms that use light from sun to produce food • Make their own food

  3. Heterotroph • Organism that gets energy from food it consumes

  4. Energy • Light • Heat • Electricity • Chemical

  5. Chemical Energy • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – basic energy in cells • From mitochondria • Stores and releases energy in living things

  6. ADP vs ATP • Cells have ADP • Can store extra energy as extra “P” • Gives ATP • To give energy to cell, the phosphate bond breaks • Active transport – sends out Na+ and takes in K+ • Protein synthesis • Muscle contraction

  7. Atp!

  8. ATP in the cell • Our cells only carry small amounts • Lasts only a few seconds • ATP not good for storage • Glucose better for storage • Use energy in glucose to go from ADP to ATP

  9. Testing Hypothesis – just listen! • Van Helmont: proved plants used mostly water to grow, not soil they were in • Priestly: candle burned out in jar, put in mint leaf, could relight candle • Ingenhousz: plants need light • These 3 showed light causes plants to change carbon dioxide and water into carbs. and oxygen

  10. Photosynthesis: • Plants use energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates (sugar and starch) and oxygen, a waste product 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 light

  11. Light and chlorophyll • Plants gather sun energy with pigments • Chlorophyll • Absorbs light in the visible light spectrum • Reflects green light (plants are green!) • Electrons from light transfer to chlorophyll, makes photosynthesis work light 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  12. Assignment – DUE Friday at end of the period (10/14) • Complete pp. 84-94 of workbook pages • Define and draw: • Autotroph • Heterotroph • Adenosine triphosphate • Photosynthesis • Chlorophyll

  13. Content Objective: • Useable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

  14. Where does photosynthesis happen? • Chloroplast • Quick sketch this

  15. Thylakoid – stacks called grana • Proteins organize chlorophyll and pigments called photosystems (light collecting units) • Two parts of Photosystem • Light dependent – in thylakoid • Light independent – in stroma

  16. Electron Carriers • Take place in Thylakoid membrane • Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll • Electrons gain energy • Need special carrier “electron carrier” • Takes high energy electrons & moves to another molecule • NADP+ = carrier • Takes 2 electrons and a hydrogen, becomes NADPH • Helps build molecules like glucose in cell

  17. L.D.R. produce ATP & NADPH • Needs light to produce oxygen, and convert ADP & NADP+ into energy carriers ATP & NADPH

  18. A. Photosystem II • Light absorbed, breaks up water molecules into electrons, H+ ions and oxygen • Electrons go to electron transport chain 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  19. B. Electron Transport Chain • Electrons move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I • Uses some of the e- energy • Moves from stroma to inner thylakoid

  20. C. Photosystem I • Pigments use light to reenergize electrons • Enzymes use e- to make NADPH (helps make sugar later) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  21. D. Hydrogen Ion • H+ ions begin to fill up inside of thylakoid membrane • Outside of membrane negative charge • Difference in charge provides energy to make ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  22. E. ATP • H+ ions need protein to pass through membrane ATP synthase • Spins like a turbine, turns ADP into ATP

  23. Light Dependent Reaction: • Produce Oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH which are energy carriers

  24. Light reactions

  25. Light Independent Rxns • Also called Calvin Cycle • Uses carbon dioxide to make sugars • In stroma

  26. Calvin Cycle • Uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars • 6 CO2 molecules enter from atm. This makes a 6-carbon sugar, the plant uses the sugars to build more complex macromolecules like cellulose and for energy needs in the plant. • Organisms that eat plants also use the energy stored in carbohydrates

  27. Photosynthesis

  28. Overview of Photosynthesis Dark Reactions CO2 ATP NADPH Light Reactions Sugars H2O + CO2 O2

  29. Foldable: for photosynthesis: 35 Points • Front half – draw figure 8-7 (209) make sure to have it large enough so light takes up ½ and Calvin takes other ½ (10 Points for correctly drawn and labeled) • Label the structures involved with LDR and LIR (5 points) • Inside: • Light Dependent: (8 Points) • Where does this occur? • What materials are used? • What material moves out of chloroplast? • What materials move into Calvin Cycle? • Calvin Cycle: (8 Points) • Where does this occur? • What materials are used? • What material moves out of chloroplast? • What materials move into the light-dependent reaction? • Back: Write equation for photosynthesis and explain using words. (4 points)

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