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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence. What are we claiming when we talk about AI? How are Turing Machines important? How can we determine whether a machine can be said to think?. Claims about AI. Strong AI: computers will be able to think

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Artificial Intelligence

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  1. Artificial Intelligence • What are we claiming when we talk about AI? • How are Turing Machines important? • How can we determine whether a machine can be said to think?

  2. Claims about AI • Strong AI: computers will be able to think • Weak AI: computers can be used to help understand how people think

  3. Turing Machines • Requirements: • 1. can interpret a set of symbols • 2. can change states based on symbols • 3. can write symbols onto a “tape” • Ability: can solve any problem that is well-specified

  4. The Turing Test (Turing, 1950) • Imitation Game • When can we say that a machine is capable of thinking?

  5. The Chinese Room Experiment (Searle, 1980) • A Thought Experiment: A person who does not speak Chinese is locked in a room with a set of rules for relating Chinese symbols. The person can use the rules to respond to input in Chinese just like a native speaker of Chinese.

  6. More on the Chinese Room... • Searle’s question: Can we say that the person really understands Chinese? • Searle’s answer: No, because the person does not show intentionality. • intentionality: purpose, belief, emotion

  7. Non-Logical Reasoning about AI • Double Standard: machines must show better evidence of intelligence than required of people • Moving Standard: the criterion for success changes each time it is met • Circular Definition: definition of intelligence requires it to be in humans

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