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EUCAARI - European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions

The objectives of EUCAARI are

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EUCAARI - European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions

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  1. The objectives of EUCAARI are • Reduction of the current uncertainty of the impact of aerosol particles on climate by 50% and quantification of the relationship between anthropogenic aerosol particles and regional air quality. We plan to quantify the effect of aerosols on the planet’s radiative balance to understand future climate change. • a. Identify and quantify the processes and sources governing global and regional • aerosol concentrations • b. Quantify the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols • c. Quantify the feedback processes that link climate change and atmospheric • aerosol concentrations with emphasis on the production and loading of natural • aerosols and their precursors • (II) Quantification of the side effects of European air quality directives on global and regional climate, and provide tools for future quantifications for different stakeholders. EUCAARI - European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions EUCAARI Research also covers 4 key regions in developing countries: China, South Africa, India as well as the Amazon area in Brazil trough detailed and controlled aerosol measurement programs for one year for these 4 sites.

  2. EUCAARI is making progress on the following ten scientific problems with the greatest uncertainty: • In-situ formation (nucleation) of aerosols. • Number and mass emissions of primary aerosol from natural and anthropogenic sources at urban, regional, and global scales. • Formation of secondary organic aerosol and the partitioning of semi-volatile compounds between the gas and aerosol phases. • Ageing of aerosols and evolution of their properties during their atmospheric lifetime. • Attribution of the different aerosol mass components in Europe to specific sources. • Current and future contributions of natural versus anthropogenic, and primary versus secondary sources to particle number concentrations. • Long-range transport of aerosol particles and their precursors from and to Europe as well as their transport within Europe. • The impact of aerosols and trace gases on cloud droplet activation, cloud lifetime, and extent (the aerosol indirect effect). • Interactions between the aerosol cycle, the water cycle, and the biosphere. • Climatic feedbacks related to anthropogenic/biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate interactions

  3. Forçantes radiativas dos componentes do sistema climático global

  4. IPCC 2007 - Estimates of the direct radiative forcing of aerosols by different models Best estimate: -0.5 W/m2Range: -0.9 to -0.1 W/m2

  5. IPCC 2007 estimates of the Cloud Albedo radiative forcing due to aerosols from different models Best estimate: -0.7 W/m2 Range: -1.8 to -0.3 W/m2

  6. IPCC 2007 - Combinando todos os efeitos antropogênicos O que é feito nesta componente é critico para a forçante final • Combined anthropogenic forcing is not straight sum of individual terms. • Tropospheric ozone, cloud-albedo, contrails  asymmetric range about the central estimate • Uncertainties for the agents represented by normal distributions except: contrail (lognormal); discrete values  trop. ozone, direct aerosol, cloud albedo • Monte Carlo calculations to derive probability density functions for the combined effect

  7. EUCAARI Consortium of 42 research groups from 24 different countries. Amazonian aerosol station: Possible start in July 2007, with installation of a container at the ZF2 K34 tower to measure in very controlled conditions: aerosol light scattering, aerosol light absorption, aerosol mass and composition, size distribution, CCN activity, and trace gases concentrations: O3, CO, NOx, isoprene, continuously for at least one year. A very advanced Raman Lidar will be operated in Manaus coupled with an AERONET sun-photometer and radiometers for total and UV radiation. Trough FAPESP Thematic Project to be submitted at the FAPESP Global Change Program: Extension of operation for the next 4 years at least, with other stations to be installed at Pantanal (La Plata Basin program) and Atlantic Forest (Biota Zebu/Joly/Humberto Tower).

  8. POLLY XT – POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended- a portable Raman lidar Dietrich Althausen, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IfT) Leipzig, Germany - Compact and autonomous Raman lidar, with measurement capability from 150 to 16.000 meters altitude - Less maintenance needed, can be left to colleagues at partner institutes during longer campaigns/projects - About 300 kg, dimensions 171×144×80 cm (H×W×D - Runs autonomously, and has also a remote access trough Internet (in Manaus possibly a satellite link) - Data retrieval includes independent extinction and absorption coefficients: • α, β with Raman method, • β with Klett method • PBL height • Cloud screening 􀃖Polly data published in real time in the IfT webpage http://iftwetter.tropos.de/VAP

  9. Lidar Basics / Techniques molecules particles Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig Backscattering (b) Principle: scattering extinction (a) + absorption Time dependent measurement P(t)  range (distance) dependent measurement with 2R = ct Lidar ratio s s = a / b

  10. Examples Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig Boundary Layer Height measured every second http://iftwetter.tropos.de/VAP/

  11. Examples Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig http://iftwetter.tropos.de/VAP/

  12. Long term measurements at the Manaus K34 tower with a container instrumented for measurement of: Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) • CCN – Cloud Condensation Nuclei • Aerosol light scattering: TSI Nephelometer • Absorption MAPS Multi Angle Absorption Photometer • TSI SMPS for Aerosol size Distribution • Thermo Environment trace gases with special CO monitor with internal Naphion dryer (partnership with Karla Longo) • AERONET sunphotometer • UV and Total radiometers • Aerosol flux measurements with CPC and OPC from Grimm Instruments

  13. AMazonian Aerosol characteriZation Experiment – AMAZEPaulo Artaxo – Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, BrazilTheotonio Pauliquevis – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia INPAScot Martin – Harvard University, United StatesMeinrat O. Andreae – Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyAlex Guenther – National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCARPartnership between The LBA Millennium Institute (MilênioLBA), INPA, Max Planck Institute, NCAR and Harvard University. • AMAZE Science Questions • What Secondary Organic Aerosol production mechanisms are active at a pristine continental site and what factors regulate their temporal variability? • Can we predict and understand the cloud-forming properties of biogenic aerosols at a pristine continental site? Part of the Millennium sub-project 7 aerosols and clouds. Campaign based experiment to be run in January-February 2008 at the K34 Manaus tower. Use of 2 Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers and detailed physical and chemical properties for a comprehensive natural biogenic aerosol characterization. Detailed ICE NUCLEI and CCN measurements Simultaneous VOC measurements with PTR-MS.

  14. Ice Nuclei Measurements: Colorado State University Continuous Flow Ice Thermal Diffusion Chamber Weight: ~300 lbs (137 kg) Height: ~60” (153 cm), with wheels (~5”) Depth: ~29” (74 cm) Width: ~22” (56 cm) Power: ~20 Amps, 120 V Sampling Rate: 0.5 – 2 LPM Sampling Time: ~1 hr to reach sampling conditions 4-5 hrs of sampling Temperature Range: -10 to -43 ˚C Humidity Range: Ice saturation to > water saturation

  15. Biogenic emissions, surface layer transport and dispersion, chemical processing Land use Change AMAZE aerosol trace gases and canopy interaction issues CCN/IN, Clouds, energy balance, precipitation Coupled trace gases, aerosols and carbon cycle Canopy environment, Hydrology and Plant physiology

  16. International Workshop: Aerosols in the Amazon - Changes and their Consequences from Past and Future Human Activities,Manaus, Ariaú Amazon Tower Hotel, February 18 - 22, 2008. The topics to be addressed include: Day 1: Sources of Amazonian Aerosols (e.g., biomass burning, secondary organic aerosol, and long-range transport); Day 2, Endpoint Effects of Amazonian Aerosols (e.g., clouds, atmospheric radiation, and so forth); Day 3, New Research Tools (e.g., tools applied recently in North America, Asia, and Europe but not yet in the southern hemisphere); Day 4, Transformations of Amazonian Aerosols (i.e., knowledge and quantification of processes of atmospheric aging); Day 5, The Way Forward (e.g., how lessons from past field programs in Brazil can be applied to the future; science opportunities most ripe for collaboration. We expect about 80 participants at the workshop. NSF and Harvard proposals approved. MPI will fund some Europeans. In Brazil, the Millennium Institute will fund aprox. 10 students to the workshop

  17. MillenniumLBA status • Financial resources OK, with funds to run LBA/BARCA and keep sub-projects running till November. • Helping Amazonian infrastructure: Recent computer cluster to UFPa, IR analyzer for Embrapa/Belem, and many others. • 10 subprojects: Some are having excellent results, but some are stuck, with little innovative science being done. Most of the subprojects needs better integration with the other sub-projects. • Personal feeling: Most of the sub-projects are doing just the routine day-by-day research. The Millennium science needs to be more innovative, because this was the justification for the project. • Examples of possible future integrative initiatives: 1) Global Change and deforestation scenarios. If we link the work of Marengo on the global change scenarios project with the Britaldo Soares (and others) deforestation scenarios and done with good integration, the results could be really great. 2) Model the water vapor budget and transport over Amazonia (and maybe also Pantanal) to investigate issues related to environmental services of the Amazonian forest. • Mid-term review: Project evaluation meeting July 5-7 in Belem, just prior to the SBPC meeting. External independent panel (3-4 members) to help prioritize science objectives and priorities on budgets for the second part of the project.

  18. LBA/BARCA status • Will very possibly or virtually certain be run from October 15 to November 30 • Issues with aircraft certification resolved with ANAC. Process for the Lear Jet almost finished. We have 10 certified aircraft operators. Bandeirante certification is on going. The only remaining possible issue is the Ministry of Defense. But we have done all they requested, with no exception. • Logistics and science for LBA/BARCA will be discussed at the Millennium Institute Science meeting in July 5-6 in Belem, just before the SBPC. • Need to setup the vast ground based infrastructure needed, such as the towers running at calibrated CO2, large radiosondes network, and also modeling system on real time. Prepare SIPAM operations in Manaus.

  19. APLBA conselheiros: Almoço juntos amanha?

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