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The Jeffersonian Era

The Jeffersonian Era. Chapter 3, Section 1 Pgs. 112-117. Jefferson president from 1801-1809 Bitter campaign between Adams and Jefferson Smooth transition of power Jefferson’s inaugural address: “ We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists ”. The election of 1800.

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The Jeffersonian Era

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  1. The Jeffersonian Era Chapter 3, Section 1 Pgs. 112-117

  2. Jefferson president from 1801-1809 Bitter campaign between Adams and Jefferson Smooth transition of power Jefferson’s inaugural address: “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” The election of 1800

  3. Jeffersonian Republicanism: people should control govt. & a simple govt. is best Reduced the size of the army and navy Lowered costs Reduced the influence of the Bank of the US Simplifying the Government

  4. Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review Only the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional John Marshall, Chief Justice for 34 years,helped to strengthen the power of the federal govt. John Marshall & the Supreme Court

  5. The Louisiana Purchase-1803 • The Louisiana territory (from the Miss. R. to the Rocky Mts.) doubled the size of the U.S. • Jefferson authorized the purchase even though he had doubts about the constitutionality of the purchase • $15 million: roughly $.03 an acre • Lewis and Clark’s expeditions helped to open the territory to American settlement

  6. MADISON ELECTED PRESIDENT • After two terms, Jefferson is succeeded by James Madison • Madison was two-term President: 1808-1816 • Known as the “Father of the Constitution,” Madison also is known for his leadership during the War of 1812 4th President 1808-1816

  7. Madison and the War of 1812 • Causes of the war: • Impressment • British supplying arms to Indians • War Hawk Congress • U.S. not prepared for war; the West wanted the war, New England did not • The British burned the Capitol in 1814 • Most important U.S. victory – New Orleans, Jan. 1815 (Andrew Jackson)

  8. The Battle of New Orleans

  9. This political cartoon gloats over the American naval victories over Great Britain in the Great Lakes in 1813 and 1814

  10. Consequences of the War • National heroes: Jackson and Harrison • End of Federalist Party (opposed the war) • Development of American industry • Patriotism and Nationalism grew

  11. James Monroe, 5th president, 1817-1825 John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State Florida purchased from Spain, 1819 Agreement with Great Britain for joint occupation of Oregon Monroe Doctrine Warning to Europe to not interfere with nations in Americas (N & S) Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy John Quincy Adams

  12. THE MONROE DOCTRINE • In the early 19th Century, various European countries hinted at increased colonization • In his 1823 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: Don’t interfere with Western Hemisphere(MonroeDoctrine)

  13. The first 4 presidents of the U.S. Can you name them?

  14. Age of Jackson, Ch 3.2 (pgs. 120-127)1825-1845 • TOPICS • Political Leaders • Regional Economies • Sectional Differences • Jacksonian Democracy John Calhoun William H. Harrison Henry Clay Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

  15. Political Leaders • John Quincy Adams, 6th Pres., 1825-29 • Andrew Jackson, 7th Pres., 1829-1837 • Martin Van Buren, 8th Pres., 1837-1841 • Wm. Henry Harrison, 9th Pres., 1841 • John Tyler, 10th Pres., 1841-1845 • John C. Calhoun, Senator, South Carolina • Henry Clay, Senator, Kentucky • Daniel Webster, Senator, Massachusetts

  16. North: Manufacturing commerce Trade, Shipping, Textiles Production of materials South: Agricultural Cotton & Tobacco Regional Economies

  17. Sectional Differences • Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Free states vs. slave states • Maine = free state • Missouri = slave state • The Louisiana Territory Split into 2 parts: • Slavery banned in the North (except for Missouri) • South of it was legal

  18. Jacksonian Democracy • More voters = more democracy • Influence of western states • Opposition to Bank of US • Indian Removal Act • Trail of Tears

  19. Indian Removal Act of 1830 • Forceful removal of Native Amer. To West • Under the Authority of President Jackson • Removal of Native Americans • From 1831-33 • Again in 1835 • An estimated 30,000 Indians forced to move west of the Mississippi

  20. Worcester v. Georgia 1832 • The Cherokee Nation took the state of Georgia to court • They won their case  Jackson refused to follow the order • Even so, still forcibly removed • Indians walked 1000s of miles  25% of the Cherokee would die along the way

  21. Bank War • Jackson was against 2nd National Bank  Took federal money out of the national bank • National bank went of existence • People began to think that Jackson had too much power • Whig Party was formed

  22. Election of 1824 John C. Calhoun John Quincy Adams William Crawford Henry Clay Andrew Jackson Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams Democrat Republican Whig Growth of Political Parties Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison Daniel Webster Hugh White Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison

  23. Panic of 1837 • Martin Van Buren  President in 1836 • By 1837- Banks that Jackson put money into failed  Helped cause the Panic of 1837 and a depression • 1840-Van Buren loses to William Henry Harrison (Whig) • Harrison dies soon after  Vice-President John Tyler takes over

  24. Andrew Jackson: Indian Removal Speech • Read • Answer Attached Questions 1-10 in your notebook • Speech Critique  From 2 Sides: Jacksonians vs. Cherokees or Seminoles

  25. Manifest Destiny: the belief that the U.S. had a moral mission to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific The “Manifest Destiny President”: James K. Polk, Democrat, 1845-1849, 11th president (promised to add CA, OR and TX to the US) By 1853 the U.S. had acquired all of the territory in the continental U.S. Manifest Destiny, 3.3 (pgs.130-138)

  26. President Polk and Westward Expansion • He interpreted his election, though he only won by a narrow margin, as an endorsement of his expansionist position. • In his inaugural address (1845), he spent considerable time defending U.S. expansion as a means of creating and preserving a more powerful Union.

  27. Many believed that their movement westward was predestined by God • Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. would expand “from sea to shining sea”

  28. Artists were inspired by Manifest Destiny

  29. Manifest Destiny: The Ideology of Expansionism • Americans grappled with the question of what to do with the Mexican and Native American people to be displaced by migration. • The US risked conflict with nations that had claim to land in North America. • Some desired the capacity for expanded trade with Asia, others were compelled to spread "civilization" and Christianity. • The belief that it was the nation’s God-given right to expand according to its needs was encompassed in the slogan, "Manifest Destiny.”

  30. Settling the Frontier • Manifest Destiny inspired people to move west • Pioneers traveled the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails beginning in the 1830s • In 1847  Mormons moved west & settled in Utah to escape religious persecution • Led by Brigham Young • In 1846 the Oregon Territory to the 49th parallel was acquired by treaty with Great Britain

  31. The Overland Trails • The 7 month, 2,000 mile journey from Missouri to the coast was expensive and hazardous.  Pace 15 Miles per day • Anxious about conflict with Native Americans  the most deadly hazards to travelers were accidents and disease. • Oregon = the major destination of migrants until 1848, when the discovery of gold in California diverted the stream of settlers southward. Wagon ruts from the Oregon Trail, visible today in Idaho

  32. The Overland Trails

  33. Texas • Texas fought a war with Mexico and became independent in 1836 • U.S. annexation of Texas was delayed because Texas would be a slave state • Election of 1844 focused on the issue of Manifest Destiny and Texas • Who was elected?

  34. Gold discovered in 1848 • CA admitted to the Union in 1850 because of the Compromise of 1850 • Allowed CA to enter as a free state • Congress passed a stronger Fugitive Slave Law

  35. CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH • After gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, migration to California rose from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in 1850 • Folks who rushed to San Francisco in 1849 became known as Forty-niners • By 1857, the total amount of gold mined in California topped $2,000,000,000

  36. 3.3 Questions • Why was the concept of Manifest Destiny such an appealing one to Americans in the 1840s? Explain & Gives Examples. • What were the Benefits & Drawbacks of believing in Manifest Destiny? Use specific references to the section to support your response. Think about: • The growth of cities • Impact on Native Americans • The effect on the country as a whole

  37. Territorial Expansion, 1830-1860 1830

  38. Territorial Expansion, 1830-1860 1850

  39. Territorial Expansion, 1830-1860 1860

  40. Mexican War 1846-18483.3 con’t10/2

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